This study analyses the discipline of the “Successione necessaria”, in particular the principle of unity of the succession and the possibility of its being overcome in light of the emergence of new interests and needs, both on the economic level and that of the fundamental values of the person, to realize which would impose an objective and subjective differentiation. The principle of unity of succession postulates a general prohibition on the diversification of succession in relation to assets and /or subjects. This is evident from the systematic reading of the articles of our civil code and from the analysis of the set of principles that underlie succession law. The study of historical precedents highlights the existence of the political-economic and socio-cultural links of the so called mini system of succession in various contexts. The diachronic perspective also makes it possible to evaluate the impact of the introduction of new institutions, both on the theoretical and the general level. The current legislative framework presents significant profiles in reference to the problem under study; the "causal polymorphism of legitimacy" indicates the difficult reconciliation between opposing values at stake. Among this number on the one hand the testamentary autonomy and the free circulation of goods, and on the other, the rigidity of the reserve. The examination of the determination of the quota, with exceptions to intangibility and anomalous successions, show timid attempts at overcoming the principle of unity. The identification of the right-holders has, over time, reflected the important transformations that have taken place in the field of family law; in regards to the field of succession, however, the only consequence has been a sort of enlargement of the pool of possible successors. It is also necessary to reflect on significant jurisprudential arrests, on the deepening of the contributions of traditional doctrine in the search for the foundation of the various institutes, and to complete an examination of the reform proposals, but also to compare this with figures and regulatory solutions of some countries belonging to both civil law and common law systems. There have been various sectorial reform interventions, which have resulted in an overcoming of the principle of unity of successions, as well as the emergence of necessities and needs that require a solidaristic response. However, a considerable inorganic nature is revealed. Categories and models must be brought back to a new unity in order to avoid the shattering of the system in an overlapping of disruptive interventions. Despite incisive reforms, the legislation therefore appears anchored to the protection of the family in the two possible declinations of the mere conservation of the deceased's assets among the closest relatives and of the guarantee of solidarity in family relationships. In this way, it relegates the right of inheritance to a purely patrimonial and negative function, which risks becoming a tool to accentuate inequalities within family formation. The principle of unity of succession is obsolete; in a complex reality like ours, one cannot ignore the nature and origin of the goods, the qualities and categories of the subjects, as well as the complex relationships between subjects, and between subjects and assets that would justify diversified or legitimately differentiable successor treatments. The sociological mutations of a pluralistic and mutable society create subjective models according to which the traditional scheme of the relationship between subject and good is modified. Therefore, the principle in question cannot constitute an objective of legal science. It must be at least integrated with the opposite principle of plurality, consistent with the objectives of promotion and growth of the human person, especially of the weakest subjects.

Il presente studio analizza la disciplina della successione necessaria ed in specie il principio di unità della successione e la possibilità di suo superamento alla luce dell'emersione di interessi e bisogni nuovi- sul piano economico e dei valori fondamentali della persona- la cui realizzazione imporrebbe una differenziazione oggettiva e soggettiva. Il principio di unità della successione postula un divieto generale di diversificazione della successione in relazione ai beni e/o ai soggetti e si evince dalla lettura sistematica degli articoli del nostro codice civile e dall’analisi dell’insieme dei principi che stanno alla base della disciplina successoria. Lo studio dei precedenti storici evidenzia l'esistenza dei nessi politico-economici e socio-culturali del cd. minisistema successorio nei vari contesti; la prospettiva diacronica consente di valutare altresì, l'impatto - sul piano teorico e dell'inquadramento generale- dell'introduzione di nuovi istituti. Il vigente assetto legislativo presenta profili significativi in riferimento alla problematica oggetto di studio: il "polimorfismo causale della legittima" indica la difficile conciliabilità tra contrapposti valori in gioco, primi tra tutti, da una parte l'autonomia testamentaria e la libera circolazione dei beni e dall'altra la rigidità della riserva; l'esame della determinazione della quota con le eccezioni all'intangibilità e le successioni anomale evidenziano timidi superamenti del principio di unità; l'individuazione dei legittimari ha, nel tempo, rispecchiato le importanti trasformazioni avvenute nell’ambito del diritto di famiglia ma con la sola conseguenza, in campo successorio, di una sorta di allargamento della platea di successibili. Necessaria anche la riflessione su significativi arresti giurisprudenziali, l’approfondimento dei contributi della dottrina tradizionale nella ricerca del fondamento dei vari istituti, un esame delle proposte di riforma, ma anche la comparazione con figure e soluzioni normative di alcuni Paesi appartenenti sia ai sistemi di civil law sia di common law. Vari sono stati gli interventi settoriali di riforma con il loro portato di superamento del principio dell'unità delle successioni e di emersione di necessità e bisogni che impongono una risposta solidaristica. Si palesa, tuttavia, una notevole disorganicità: categorie e modelli devono essere ricondotti a nuova unità per evitare la frantumazione del sistema in un accavallarsi di interventi disgreganti. La normativa, dunque, nonostante incisive riforme, appare ancorata alla tutela della famiglia nelle due declinazioni possibili della mera conservazione dei beni del de cuius tra i parenti più prossimi e della garanzia della solidarietà nei rapporti familiari e relega il diritto successorio a una funzione meramente patrimonialistica e negativa che rischia di fungere da strumento di accentuazione delle diseguaglianze all’interno della formazione familiare. Il principio di unità della successione risulta obsoleto poiché, in una realtà complessa come la nostra, non si può non tener conto della natura e dell’origine dei beni, delle qualità e categorie dei soggetti, nonché delle complesse relazioni tra soggetti e tra soggetti e beni che giustificherebbero trattamenti successori diversificati o legittimamente differenziabili. Le mutazioni sociologiche di una società pluralista in trasformazione creano modelli soggettivi in funzione dei quali si modifica lo schema tradizionale di rapporto tra soggetto e bene e, dunque, il principio in esame non può costituire un obiettivo della scienza giuridica e va quanto meno integrato con l'opposto principio della pluralità coerente ad obiettivi di promozione e crescita della persona umana, in specie dei soggetti più deboli.

Profili del nuovo diritto delle successioni: il principio di unità delle successioni e la diversificazione del trattamento successorio in relazione alle tipologie di beni e categorie di eredi / Capomolla, Chiara. - (2021 Apr 15).

Profili del nuovo diritto delle successioni: il principio di unità delle successioni e la diversificazione del trattamento successorio in relazione alle tipologie di beni e categorie di eredi

Capomolla, Chiara
2021-04-15

Abstract

This study analyses the discipline of the “Successione necessaria”, in particular the principle of unity of the succession and the possibility of its being overcome in light of the emergence of new interests and needs, both on the economic level and that of the fundamental values of the person, to realize which would impose an objective and subjective differentiation. The principle of unity of succession postulates a general prohibition on the diversification of succession in relation to assets and /or subjects. This is evident from the systematic reading of the articles of our civil code and from the analysis of the set of principles that underlie succession law. The study of historical precedents highlights the existence of the political-economic and socio-cultural links of the so called mini system of succession in various contexts. The diachronic perspective also makes it possible to evaluate the impact of the introduction of new institutions, both on the theoretical and the general level. The current legislative framework presents significant profiles in reference to the problem under study; the "causal polymorphism of legitimacy" indicates the difficult reconciliation between opposing values at stake. Among this number on the one hand the testamentary autonomy and the free circulation of goods, and on the other, the rigidity of the reserve. The examination of the determination of the quota, with exceptions to intangibility and anomalous successions, show timid attempts at overcoming the principle of unity. The identification of the right-holders has, over time, reflected the important transformations that have taken place in the field of family law; in regards to the field of succession, however, the only consequence has been a sort of enlargement of the pool of possible successors. It is also necessary to reflect on significant jurisprudential arrests, on the deepening of the contributions of traditional doctrine in the search for the foundation of the various institutes, and to complete an examination of the reform proposals, but also to compare this with figures and regulatory solutions of some countries belonging to both civil law and common law systems. There have been various sectorial reform interventions, which have resulted in an overcoming of the principle of unity of successions, as well as the emergence of necessities and needs that require a solidaristic response. However, a considerable inorganic nature is revealed. Categories and models must be brought back to a new unity in order to avoid the shattering of the system in an overlapping of disruptive interventions. Despite incisive reforms, the legislation therefore appears anchored to the protection of the family in the two possible declinations of the mere conservation of the deceased's assets among the closest relatives and of the guarantee of solidarity in family relationships. In this way, it relegates the right of inheritance to a purely patrimonial and negative function, which risks becoming a tool to accentuate inequalities within family formation. The principle of unity of succession is obsolete; in a complex reality like ours, one cannot ignore the nature and origin of the goods, the qualities and categories of the subjects, as well as the complex relationships between subjects, and between subjects and assets that would justify diversified or legitimately differentiable successor treatments. The sociological mutations of a pluralistic and mutable society create subjective models according to which the traditional scheme of the relationship between subject and good is modified. Therefore, the principle in question cannot constitute an objective of legal science. It must be at least integrated with the opposite principle of plurality, consistent with the objectives of promotion and growth of the human person, especially of the weakest subjects.
15-apr-2021
Settore IUS/01 - DIRITTO PRIVATO
DI LANDRO, Amalia Chiara
SALAZAR, Carmela Maria Giustina
Doctoral Thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12318/105716
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