The facade of the Theatine Church of Sant’Andrea della Valle, is one of the most important subjects in the study of architectural history in seventeenth-century Rome. Recent research regarding the first planning stages of the building that took place during the second decade of the seventeenth-century, has evidenced the significant contribution that the young Francesco Borromini made to the project formerly attributed to his tutor, Carlo Maderno - a project for which only the podium was built. This essay re-considers the second planning phase of the facade and the continued progress of the building works during the decade of the 1660’s from a new standpoint, and also re-considers the roles played in the planning and building of the facade by Carlo Rainaldi and Carlo Fontana, roles which up until now were subject to contrasting scholarly views. The discovery of the presentation drawing for the new facade, here attributed to Carlo Rainaldi, underlines the importance of his position as official designer of the project, in his role as architect to the Theatines. A complete re-evaluation and re-interpretation of all the known drawings connected to the project, contextualised together with all the documentary evidence surviving from the building process, further allows for a clarification of Carlo Fontana’s role in the building project. Fontana was essentially called in as an outside assessor by the Theatines toward the end of 1662, when the rapport between the Fathers and Rainaldi became difficult. Already by this date, the artistic oversight of the building project had been assigned to Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Fontana’s mentor, on the intervention of Pope Alexander VII (Fabio Chigi). If the architectural transformation of the facade of the Church -– toward a more vertically accentuated design than that proposed in the original Maderno project, is to be attributed to Rainaldi, then the richly ornamental sculptural decoration applied to the facade, surely reflects Bernini’s taste and the artistic influence he exercised - also over other Rainaldi projects – in his generalised role as “Director of Art” in Rome during the pontificate of Alexander VII. Seen in this light, the facade sculptures of Sant’Andrea della Valle by Ercole Ferrata, Domenico Guidi and Giacomo Antonio Fancelli can be interpreted as a brilliant projection on an urban outdoor scale of the sculptural scenography conceived by Bernini for the Chigi chapels in Santa Maria del Popolo and in the Cathedral in Siena.
La facciata della chiesa teatina di S. Andrea della Valle è uno dei più importanti soggetti della storiografia architettonica del Seicento romano. Recenti studi sulla prima fase progettuale negli anni venti del Seicento hanno messo in rilievo l’apporto decisivo del giovane Borromini nel progetto attribuito al suo maestro Carlo Maderno di cui fu realizzato solo il basamento. Questo saggio riconsidera da un nuovo punto di vista la seconda fase progettuale e la prosecuzione del cantiere negli anni sessanta e il ruolo in essa svolto da Carlo Rainaldi e Carlo Fontana, finora oggetto di opinioni contrastanti tra gli studiosi. La scoperta del disegno di presentazione della nuova facciata, qui attribuito a Rainaldi, rafforza la sua posizione di progettista ufficiale dell’opera come architetto dei teatini. Contestualmente, la completa reinterpretazione degli altri disegni progettuali noti e della documentazione di cantiere consente di chiarire che il ruolo di Fontana fu essenzialmente quello di revisore dei conti in un momento difficile del rapporto tra Rainaldi e i teatini verificatosi sul finire del 1662. A quel tempo, infatti, il cantiere era stato già posto sotto la sovrintendenza artistica del maestro di Fontana, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, con il diretto intervento di papa Alessandro VII (Fabio Chigi). Se la trasformazione propriamente architettonica dell’originario progetto maderniano, tendente ad accentarne lo slancio verticale, è da attribuire ancora a Rainaldi, tutta la definizione del ricco apparato scultoreo riflette la regia occulta esercitata da Bernini su questa e altre opere di Rainaldi nel ruolo di grande regista delle arti del pontificato Chigi. In questo contesto anche le sculture della facciata di S. Andrea della Valle, eseguite da Ercole Ferrata, Domenico Guidi e Giacomo Antonio Fancelli, possono essere interpretate nel loro insieme come una proiezione a scala urbana degli spettacolari palinsesti scenografici concepiti da Bernini per le cappelle Chigi in Santa Maria del Popolo e nel Duomo di Siena.
“Si può vedere col paragone”. Carlo Rainaldi, Carlo Fontana, Gian Lorenzo Bernini e la facciata di S. Andrea della Valle / Manfredi, Tommaso. - (2012), pp. 279-295.
“Si può vedere col paragone”. Carlo Rainaldi, Carlo Fontana, Gian Lorenzo Bernini e la facciata di S. Andrea della Valle
MANFREDI, Tommaso
2012-01-01
Abstract
The facade of the Theatine Church of Sant’Andrea della Valle, is one of the most important subjects in the study of architectural history in seventeenth-century Rome. Recent research regarding the first planning stages of the building that took place during the second decade of the seventeenth-century, has evidenced the significant contribution that the young Francesco Borromini made to the project formerly attributed to his tutor, Carlo Maderno - a project for which only the podium was built. This essay re-considers the second planning phase of the facade and the continued progress of the building works during the decade of the 1660’s from a new standpoint, and also re-considers the roles played in the planning and building of the facade by Carlo Rainaldi and Carlo Fontana, roles which up until now were subject to contrasting scholarly views. The discovery of the presentation drawing for the new facade, here attributed to Carlo Rainaldi, underlines the importance of his position as official designer of the project, in his role as architect to the Theatines. A complete re-evaluation and re-interpretation of all the known drawings connected to the project, contextualised together with all the documentary evidence surviving from the building process, further allows for a clarification of Carlo Fontana’s role in the building project. Fontana was essentially called in as an outside assessor by the Theatines toward the end of 1662, when the rapport between the Fathers and Rainaldi became difficult. Already by this date, the artistic oversight of the building project had been assigned to Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Fontana’s mentor, on the intervention of Pope Alexander VII (Fabio Chigi). If the architectural transformation of the facade of the Church -– toward a more vertically accentuated design than that proposed in the original Maderno project, is to be attributed to Rainaldi, then the richly ornamental sculptural decoration applied to the facade, surely reflects Bernini’s taste and the artistic influence he exercised - also over other Rainaldi projects – in his generalised role as “Director of Art” in Rome during the pontificate of Alexander VII. Seen in this light, the facade sculptures of Sant’Andrea della Valle by Ercole Ferrata, Domenico Guidi and Giacomo Antonio Fancelli can be interpreted as a brilliant projection on an urban outdoor scale of the sculptural scenography conceived by Bernini for the Chigi chapels in Santa Maria del Popolo and in the Cathedral in Siena.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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