The doctoral thesis, entitled Hospitium e tesserae hospitales, focuses on the hospitium. This is manifested, in the ancient Roman world, initially as a tangible and practical response to the need for protection of the foreigner who was temporarily in contact with a legal system different from their own. It is therefore reconnected to ancient hospitality practices that have common traits with other cultures of the peoples of the Mediterranean. Only later the hospitium stand as a real legal institution. The research, aimed at contextualizing the epigraphic material that is the basis of the arguments developed, begins with a semantic investigation that reveals a profound connection with implications of ancient international law. The concept of hospes, connected to the hostis, opens up countless insights in relation to the process of integration of the foreigner in the Roman world, but also earlier in the Greek one. There are many sources examined that give evidence of how the stranger was considered and what was the treatment reserved for him: from the mythical representations, in fact, we reach a historical and real contextualization that allows the extraneus to relate, albeit intermittently, to a legal system different than their own. The hospitium is at the center of an evolution, which probably translates deeper changes regarding Roman expansionism: from a mere relationship between private individuals (hospitium privatum), delegated to an individualistic and moral level, aimed at the material hospitality of the foreigner, gradually to the center of an institutional growth that gives it a public character (hospitium publicum), to the point of losing the original elements that had characterized it. The association of the hospitium to customers and patronage, in fact, distorts its primitive essence which was centered on the equal and reciprocal relationship of the subjects involved: if formally we try to maintain this synallagmaticity, in fact we attend the creation of a situation of subjection between the hospes-patronus and the parties involved. The latter, in most cases, are communities subject to Rome and in need of protection or intercession to the institutions of Rome, by an influential private individual. The research aims to propose such themes as being inextricably connected to the epigraphic data that can be deduced in several tesserae hospitales and then in the tabulae, found mainly in provincial contexts. The examination of this material and the study of the data contained therein are the basis of the more general reflections on the institution in question. For this purpose, in fact, the set of epigraphic and prosopographic cards studied is proposed in the second part of the thesis.

La tesi di dottorato, dal titolo Hospitium e tesserae hospitales, ha come argomento l’hospitium. Quest’ultimo si manifesta nel mondo romano antico inizialmente come una risposta materiale e concreta al bisogno di protezione dello straniero che si trovava temporaneamente a contatto con un ordinamento giuridico diverso dal proprio. È dunque riconnesso ad antiche prassi ospitali che presentano tratti comuni con altre culture dei popoli del Mediterraneo. Solo in seguito l’hospitium si pone come vero e proprio istituto giuridico. La ricerca, volta a contestualizzare il materiale epigrafico che è alla base delle argomentazioni svolte, muove le fila da un’indagine semantica che fa emergere un profondo nesso con risvolti di diritto internazionale antico. La concezione di hospes, connesso all’hostis, apre innumerevoli spunti di riflessione in relazione al processo di integrazione dello straniero nel mondo romano, ma prima ancora in quello greco. Molteplici sono le fonti esaminate che danno testimonianza di come lo straniero fosse considerato e di quale fosse il trattamento a lui riservato: dalle rappresentazioni mitiche, si giunge infatti ad una contestualizzazione storica e reale che permette all’exstraneus di relazionarsi, seppur in maniera intermittente, ad un ordinamento giuridico diverso dal proprio. L’hospitium è al centro di un’evoluzione, che probabilmente traduce più profondi cambiamenti relativi all’espansionismo romano: da mera relazione tra privati (hospitium privatum), demandata ad un piano individualistico e morale, finalizzata all’accoglienza materiale dello straniero, gradualmente è al centro di una crescita istituzionale che lo riveste di un carattere pubblico (hospitium publicum), fino a perdere gli elementi originari che lo avevano caratterizzato. L’accostamento dell’hospitium alla clientela e al patronato, infatti, snatura la sua essenza primitiva, che era incentrata sulla paritaria e reciproca relazione dei soggetti coinvolti: se formalmente si cercherà di mantenere tale sinallagmaticità, di fatto assistiamo alla creazione di una situazione di soggezione tra l’hospes-patronus e le parti coinvolte. Queste ultime, nella maggior parte dei casi sono comunità soggette a Roma e bisognose di protezione o di intercessione, presso le istituzioni dell’Urbe, da parte di un privato influente. La ricerca ha lo scopo di proporre tali temi come imprescindibilmente connessi al dato epigrafico desumibile in numerose tesserae hospitales e poi nelle tabulae, ritrovate in contesti prevalentemente provinciali. L’esame di tale materiale e lo studio dei dati in esso presenti sono alla base delle riflessioni più generali sull’istituto in esame. A tale fine, infatti, si propone, nella seconda parte della tesi, l’insieme delle schede epigrafiche e prosopografiche del materiale studiato.

Hospitium e tesserae hospitales / Capasso, Silvia. - (2021 Oct 25).

Hospitium e tesserae hospitales

Capasso, Silvia
2021-10-25

Abstract

The doctoral thesis, entitled Hospitium e tesserae hospitales, focuses on the hospitium. This is manifested, in the ancient Roman world, initially as a tangible and practical response to the need for protection of the foreigner who was temporarily in contact with a legal system different from their own. It is therefore reconnected to ancient hospitality practices that have common traits with other cultures of the peoples of the Mediterranean. Only later the hospitium stand as a real legal institution. The research, aimed at contextualizing the epigraphic material that is the basis of the arguments developed, begins with a semantic investigation that reveals a profound connection with implications of ancient international law. The concept of hospes, connected to the hostis, opens up countless insights in relation to the process of integration of the foreigner in the Roman world, but also earlier in the Greek one. There are many sources examined that give evidence of how the stranger was considered and what was the treatment reserved for him: from the mythical representations, in fact, we reach a historical and real contextualization that allows the extraneus to relate, albeit intermittently, to a legal system different than their own. The hospitium is at the center of an evolution, which probably translates deeper changes regarding Roman expansionism: from a mere relationship between private individuals (hospitium privatum), delegated to an individualistic and moral level, aimed at the material hospitality of the foreigner, gradually to the center of an institutional growth that gives it a public character (hospitium publicum), to the point of losing the original elements that had characterized it. The association of the hospitium to customers and patronage, in fact, distorts its primitive essence which was centered on the equal and reciprocal relationship of the subjects involved: if formally we try to maintain this synallagmaticity, in fact we attend the creation of a situation of subjection between the hospes-patronus and the parties involved. The latter, in most cases, are communities subject to Rome and in need of protection or intercession to the institutions of Rome, by an influential private individual. The research aims to propose such themes as being inextricably connected to the epigraphic data that can be deduced in several tesserae hospitales and then in the tabulae, found mainly in provincial contexts. The examination of this material and the study of the data contained therein are the basis of the more general reflections on the institution in question. For this purpose, in fact, the set of epigraphic and prosopographic cards studied is proposed in the second part of the thesis.
25-ott-2021
Settore IUS/18 - DIRITTO ROMANO E DIRITTI DELL'ANTICHITA
COSTABILE, Feliciantonio
SALAZAR, Carmela Maria Giustina
Doctoral Thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12318/111896
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