Architetture di trincea nello Stretto di Messina. L'esempio di Forte Siacci.

Abstract The paper deals with the fortifications inserted into the Mediterranean coastal defensive system of the XVII century, during the reign of Umberto I. More specifically, it regards Forte Matiniti Superiore (“Siacci”); this fort, backs onto the Strait of Messina, may be considered an expression of a close relationship among nature, territory and constructions. A careful reading of this historic structure building, identifying their peculiarities, restoring and including them in a comprehensive project of preservation and reuse, could allow the safeguard of the built heritage and the increase of public knowledge. The Strait of Messina has long been a Mediterranean area of strategic significance for national defence. This was the reason why, in 1884, a Defence Plan envisaged the construction of permanent fortified structures, on the coastline of Calabria and Sicily. These military installations were placed in strategic locations, that allowed to monitor without being seen from the sea and to engage different types of firing points. In terms of structures and construction methods, these fortifications were considered quite advanced. Fort “Siacci”, in Campo Calabro (RC), was the biggest fortification at the time. Among construction materials there are limestone, basalt and clay tiles, commonly used in these kind of fortifications. Undoubtedly, the fort, was built to last, that's why, after two world wars and the earthquake of 1908, the structure, is still in good state of conservation. Some deterioration signs, not relevant at all, are a consequence of the lack of maintenance, weather conditions and vandalism. The ipothesis of restoration focuses on the reinforcement and on the protection of both walls and structure. Considering cultural heritage as a cultural capital, the survey aims, to bring back this fortified complex to future generations, with a specific project of conservation and fruition, since it already represents a “museum to itself”.