The globalization process started in the last third of the twentieth century represented the main conditioning for the rapid spread of the corruption phenomenon. No longer confined to the national reality, today corruption has taken on an international dimension. This has certainly facilitated by the existence of asymmetries at an economic, cultural, political, social and legal level which has allowed the systematic and pervasive spread of this form of crime. The highest price is paid by the victims. Although their identification is complex, the victimological investigation has highlighted the importance of widening the category in order to include those legal entities too, such as the State or society, affected in various ways by the phenomenon and who, to some extent, remain ‘submerged’. Therefore, it is necessary to review and strengthen the victim protection system, first of all, through the recognition of 'submerged' victims and the adoption of measures aimed at guaranteeing compensation for damage, both material and non-material, also with a view to contrasting forms of secondary victimization. In this context, it is also advisable to urge countries to make asset recovery mechanisms effective by adopting and implementing special procedures for the confiscation of assets and the development of a system with which to ensure that the States cooperating in the recovery the sharing of the assets themselves
Il processo di globalizzazione avviato nell’ultimo terzo del XX secolo ha rappresentato il principale condizionamento per la rapida diffusione del fenomeno corruttivo. Non più circoscritta alla realtà nazionale, la corruzione oggi ha assunto una dimensione internazionale. Ciò è stato sicuramente agevolato dalla esistenza di asimmetrie a livello economico, culturale, politico, sociale e giuridico che hanno permesso il diffondersi in modo sistematico e pervasivo di tale forma di criminalità. Il prezzo più caro viene pagato dalle vittime. Pur risultando complessa la loro individuazione, l’indagine vittimologica ha evidenziato l’importanza di un ampliamento della categoria per poter ricomprendere anche quei soggetti giuridici, come lo Stato o la società, colpiti in diversa miniera dal fenomeno e che, in qualche misura, rimangono ‘sommersi’. Pertanto, occorre rivedere e rafforzare il sistema di tutele delle vittime, in primo luogo, attraverso il riconoscimento delle vittime ‘sommerse’ e l’adozione di misure volte a garantire il risarcimento dei danni, patrimoniali e non patrimoniali, anche nell’ottica di contrastare forme di vittimizzazione cd. secondaria. In questo quadro si rende, inoltre, opportuno sollecitare i Paesi a rendere efficaci i meccanismi di asset recovery mediante l’adozione e l’attuazione di procedure speciali di confisca dei valori e lo sviluppo di un sistema con il quale assicurare agli Stati che cooperano al recupero dei proventi la condivisione degli stessi
Gli strumenti di contrasto alla corruzione internazionale. Profili penalistici e criminologici / Neri, Ilaria Stefania. - (2022 Oct 18).
Gli strumenti di contrasto alla corruzione internazionale. Profili penalistici e criminologici
Neri, Ilaria Stefania
2022-10-18
Abstract
The globalization process started in the last third of the twentieth century represented the main conditioning for the rapid spread of the corruption phenomenon. No longer confined to the national reality, today corruption has taken on an international dimension. This has certainly facilitated by the existence of asymmetries at an economic, cultural, political, social and legal level which has allowed the systematic and pervasive spread of this form of crime. The highest price is paid by the victims. Although their identification is complex, the victimological investigation has highlighted the importance of widening the category in order to include those legal entities too, such as the State or society, affected in various ways by the phenomenon and who, to some extent, remain ‘submerged’. Therefore, it is necessary to review and strengthen the victim protection system, first of all, through the recognition of 'submerged' victims and the adoption of measures aimed at guaranteeing compensation for damage, both material and non-material, also with a view to contrasting forms of secondary victimization. In this context, it is also advisable to urge countries to make asset recovery mechanisms effective by adopting and implementing special procedures for the confiscation of assets and the development of a system with which to ensure that the States cooperating in the recovery the sharing of the assets themselvesFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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