The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of the "Marciano pact" in the panorama of atypical forms of guarantees. For this purpose, preliminarily, we started from the analysis of the historical excursus of the commissory pact and the Marian pact, starting from the experience of Roman law passing through the intermediate age, for the code of 1865, to then finish with the regulatory framework accepted by the constituent legislator. After having dealt with the various doctrinal and jurisprudential reconstructions on the subject of the commissary pacty and corrective “Marciano”, we turned to foreign experiences, with a look at comparative law, specifically German, English and French law. This path has led to dealing mainly with the issue of access to credit by companies and consumers, primarily by analyzing Directive 2014/17 / EU, so- called Mortage credit Directive (or "Mortgage Directive") and, consequently, the related regulations contained in Legislative Decree 1 September 1993 n. 385 (T.U.B.), with particular attention to the institutes introduced with articles 48-bis and 120quinquiesdecies, T.U.B., introduced following the transposition of the aforementioned Directive. The entire path followed the long path of the prohibition of the "commission pact", of the relations of the same with the "Marciano pact" and with the special legislation introduced by the Legislator. Starting from these concepts, the purpose of this study was to wonder about the real need for typing the "Marciano" phenomenon, by analyzing the draft interministerial implementing decree of the Marciano pact in real estate credit to consumers (art. 120-quinquiesdecies TUB ), highlighting the main critical points. From the aforementioned analysis, in conclusion, appears acceptable and appreciable the intention of the legislator to radically innovate a credit protection system that was excessively rigid until a decade ago. Therefore, it seems that recent regulatory interventions have overturned the traditional paradigm of credit protection in our legal system, according to which the transfer of the asset from the debtor to the creditor is prohibited, with the exception of only some particular cases. The recognition of the “Marciano” by the legislator allows in fact, to consider the transfer of ownership of the asset to the creditor fully lawful and "normal" excluding only cases in which there is no fair recognition of the excess value of the asset to the debtor (in compliance with the prohibition of the commission agreement, pursuant to Article 2744 of the Italian Civil Code). It follows that the role of real estate property in the legal system is downsized, passing from being a sign of the patrimonial solidity of a subject (professional or consumer), as it has been until today, to being a simple economic resource, index , like so many others, of the reliability or otherwise of the debtor. Pulling the strings of this work, however, there remains an undoubtedly suggestive and stimulating idea: to introduce in the Civil Code a figure with a general structure of the Marciano agreement, which "accumulates on the one hand the protection of the creditor and on the other hand the judicial control", without forgetting moreover, the position of the co-creditors (unsecured) and that of the debtor. Such a proposal could almost sound like an ideal conclusion to the path followed, thus providing for a norm "typifying the march as a just mechanism of contractual self-protection". In any case, beyond the scarce chances of its effective practice, the idea of an art. 2744-bis of the Italian Civil Code it would undoubtedly represent a significant systematic upgrading

Lo scopo della presente ricerca è quello di analizzare l'influenza del “patto marciano” nel panorama delle forme di garanzie atipiche. A tal fine, preliminarmente, si è partiti dall’analisi dell’excursus storico del patto commissorio e del patto marciano, muovendo dall’esperienza del Diritto Romano passando per l’età intermedia, per il codice del 1865, per poi terminare con l’assetto normativo accolto dal Legislatore costituente. Dopo aver affrontato le diverse ricostruzioni dottrinali e giurisprudenziali in tema di patto commissorio e correttivo marciano ci si è rivolti alle esperienze straniere, con uno sguardo al diritto comparato, nello specifico al diritto tedesco, inglese e francese. In seguito, il lavoro è proseguito con un’analisi accurata della disciplina speciale vigente, evidenziandone i punti critici non sufficientemente regolamentati dal Legislatore. Tale percorso ha portato ad occuparsi principalmente della tematica dell’accesso al credito da parte delle imprese e dei consumatori, analizzando in primis la direttiva 2014/17/UE, c.d. Mortage credit Directive (o “Direttiva Mutui”) e, conseguentemente, la relativa disciplina contenuta nel D.Lgs. 1° settembre 1993 n. 385 (T.U.B.), con particolare attenzione agli istituti introdotti con gli artt. 48-bis e 120quinquiesdecies, T.U.B., introdotta a seguito del recepimento della suddetta Direttiva. L’intero percorso ha seguito il lungo sentiero del divieto del “patto commissorio”, dei rapporti dello stesso con il “patto marciano” e con le legislazioni speciali introdotte dal Legislatore. Muovendo da tali concetti, il senso del presente studio è stato quello di interrogarsi sulla reale esigenza di tipizzazione del fenomeno “marciano”, analizzando da ultimo la bozza di decreto attuativo interministeriale del patto marciano nel credito immobiliare ai consumatori (art. 120-quinquiesdecies TUB), evidenziandone i principali punti critici. Dalla suddetta analisi, in conclusione, risulta condivisibile ed apprezzabile l’intenzione del legislatore di innovare radicalmente un sistema di tutela del credito che fino ad una decina di anni fa era eccessivamente rigido. Pertanto, sembra che i recenti interventi normativi siano riusciti a capovolgere il tradizionale paradigma della tutela del credito nel nostro ordinamento, secondo cui il passaggio del bene dal debitore al creditore è vietato, ad esclusione solamente di alcuni casi particolari. Il riconoscimento del marciano da parte del legislatore permette, infatti, di considerare pienamente lecito e “normale” il trasferimento della proprietà del bene al creditore, ad esclusione quindi dei soli casi in cui non vi sia un equo riconoscimento dell’eccedenza di valore del bene al debitore (nel rispetto del divieto del patto commissorio, a norma dell’art. 2744 c.c.). Ne consegue che il ruolo della proprietà immobiliare nel sistema giuridico viene ridimensionato, passando dall’essere un segno della solidità patrimoniale di un soggetto (professionista o consumatore che sia), come è stato fino ad oggi, all’essere una semplice risorsa economica, indice, come tanti altri, dell’affidabilità o meno del debitore. Tirando le fila del presente lavoro rimane comunque un’idea indubbiamente suggestiva e stimolante: introdurre nel Codice civile una figura di impianto generale di patto marciano, che «cumuli da un lato la tutela del creditore e dall’altro il controllo giurisdizionale», senza dimenticare, peraltro, la posizione dei co-creditori (chirografari) e di quella del debitore. Una tale proposta potrebbe quasi suonare come conclusione ideale del percorso svolto, prevedendo una norma, dunque, «tipizzante il marciano come giusto meccanismo di autotutela contrattuale». Ad ogni modo, al di là delle scarse chances di una effettiva sua riuscita pratica, l’idea di un art. 2744-bis c.c. rappresenterebbe senza dubbio un notevole upgrading sistematico

Il patto marciano tra prassi applicativa, legislazione speciale ed "esigenze" di tipizzazione / Fedele, Francescantonio. - (2022 Oct 18).

Il patto marciano tra prassi applicativa, legislazione speciale ed "esigenze" di tipizzazione

2022-10-18

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of the "Marciano pact" in the panorama of atypical forms of guarantees. For this purpose, preliminarily, we started from the analysis of the historical excursus of the commissory pact and the Marian pact, starting from the experience of Roman law passing through the intermediate age, for the code of 1865, to then finish with the regulatory framework accepted by the constituent legislator. After having dealt with the various doctrinal and jurisprudential reconstructions on the subject of the commissary pacty and corrective “Marciano”, we turned to foreign experiences, with a look at comparative law, specifically German, English and French law. This path has led to dealing mainly with the issue of access to credit by companies and consumers, primarily by analyzing Directive 2014/17 / EU, so- called Mortage credit Directive (or "Mortgage Directive") and, consequently, the related regulations contained in Legislative Decree 1 September 1993 n. 385 (T.U.B.), with particular attention to the institutes introduced with articles 48-bis and 120quinquiesdecies, T.U.B., introduced following the transposition of the aforementioned Directive. The entire path followed the long path of the prohibition of the "commission pact", of the relations of the same with the "Marciano pact" and with the special legislation introduced by the Legislator. Starting from these concepts, the purpose of this study was to wonder about the real need for typing the "Marciano" phenomenon, by analyzing the draft interministerial implementing decree of the Marciano pact in real estate credit to consumers (art. 120-quinquiesdecies TUB ), highlighting the main critical points. From the aforementioned analysis, in conclusion, appears acceptable and appreciable the intention of the legislator to radically innovate a credit protection system that was excessively rigid until a decade ago. Therefore, it seems that recent regulatory interventions have overturned the traditional paradigm of credit protection in our legal system, according to which the transfer of the asset from the debtor to the creditor is prohibited, with the exception of only some particular cases. The recognition of the “Marciano” by the legislator allows in fact, to consider the transfer of ownership of the asset to the creditor fully lawful and "normal" excluding only cases in which there is no fair recognition of the excess value of the asset to the debtor (in compliance with the prohibition of the commission agreement, pursuant to Article 2744 of the Italian Civil Code). It follows that the role of real estate property in the legal system is downsized, passing from being a sign of the patrimonial solidity of a subject (professional or consumer), as it has been until today, to being a simple economic resource, index , like so many others, of the reliability or otherwise of the debtor. Pulling the strings of this work, however, there remains an undoubtedly suggestive and stimulating idea: to introduce in the Civil Code a figure with a general structure of the Marciano agreement, which "accumulates on the one hand the protection of the creditor and on the other hand the judicial control", without forgetting moreover, the position of the co-creditors (unsecured) and that of the debtor. Such a proposal could almost sound like an ideal conclusion to the path followed, thus providing for a norm "typifying the march as a just mechanism of contractual self-protection". In any case, beyond the scarce chances of its effective practice, the idea of an art. 2744-bis of the Italian Civil Code it would undoubtedly represent a significant systematic upgrading
18-ott-2022
Settore IUS/01 - DIRITTO PRIVATO
SICLARI, Roberto
GORASSINI, Attilio
Doctoral Thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12318/131127
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