Across the West part of the world, the gap between rural and urban areas has widened, with the quality of basic public services deteriorating. in Italy, the concentration of industrial and economic development in the medium-hilly and coastal areas, has generated margins in the high-hilly and mountainous areas, with a significant demographic decrease, a reduction in employment, in the use of territorial resources, offer of services and coverage in the area. These phenomena have created hydrogeological instability and the decline of cultural heritage, indeed, in the last ten years, the issue of inland areas has become a national and European issue, opening a debate on territorial inequality and fragmentation and, becoming a central point of urban policies and urban-rural areas of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The attention to the territory and the new place-based approach in the context of European policies has placed the emphasis on the rediscovery and enhancement of Internal Areas. In Italy, since 2014, its own strategy has been implemented in order to concretely reduce the democratic deficit that is affecting all Nation. The guide principle of implementation was not to work on uniform policies top-down (one size fits all), but to design interventions in a territorial dimension capable of "adapting" on the specificities of peripheral areas. The restart of these areas has clashed with the ability to develop public policies, capable of combining the development expectations of the territory, exploiting its natural competitive advantages, with the safeguarding of historical-cultural identities. This research work concerns the idea that the internal areas, as defined by the SNAI strategy, are not sufficient to define the complexity of the territories. Starting from the definition of the territory as a complex system, according to its predominant cultural and natural components, we want to prove, after a careful critical analysis of the strategies launched in the pilot areas of our country, that, despite the awareness of being in places that have a patrimony that constitutes its territorial framework, the current selection of the falling areas and settlements, is not sufficient to define and understand the socio-economic dynamics to initiate processes that can reverse the trend of demographic decline. Furthermore, the strategies implemented should include an integrated vision and a socio-ecological system for a new governance model of inland areas. This model will be useful for supporting development processes capable of combining sustainability and resilience for the reactivation of settlement centers, in order to contain the phenomenon of depopulation and abandonment of inland Italian areas. European and Italian policies, although deserving of having activated processes for the regeneration of territories defined as marginal, are still strongly concerned towards polarized centers and metropolitan cities, allocating limited resources to the selected peripheral areas and excluding others, this fact will increase the gap in weaknesses increase structural. The aim of the research is to redefine the geography of these territories according to an ecological approach, capable of effectively describing not only the socio-economic and environmental fragility, but also the potential, constituted by the territorial heritage, involving more and more local actors, at in order to activate social / institutional innovation paths for building new skills. To this end, the elaboration of a community map, will define a new concept of territory, closer to the community than to geography, in which residents will be aware of the place where they live; they will value their memories and the dense network of relationships and, interrelationships between the elements that characterize it. The virtuous and participatory co-design processes of knowledge, experimentation and innovation will be useful in defining the strategies for acting on the resilience characteristics of the systems and will allow the development of operational tools for the development of policies
In tutto l'Occidente, il divario tra aree rurali e urbane si è aggravato, con un peggioramento della qualità dei servizi pubblici fondamentali. in Italia, con la concentrazione dello sviluppo industriale ed economico nelle aree medio-collinari e costiere, si sono create marginalità nelle aree alto-collinari e montane, con un notevole decremento demografico, una riduzione dell’occupazione, dell’utilizzo delle risorse territoriali, dell’offerta di servizi e del presidio sul territorio. Tali fenomeni hanno creato un’instabilità idrogeologica e il degrado del patrimonio culturale, al punto che negli ultimi dieci anni, il tema delle aree interne è diventato una questione nazionale ed europea e ha aperto un dibattito sulla disuguaglianza e frammentazione territoriale, inserendosi nelle politiche urbane e urbano-rurali della Strategia Europe 2020. L’attenzione al territorio e il nuovo approccio place-based nell’ambito delle politiche europee ha posto l’accento sulla riscoperta e la valorizzazione delle Aree Interne. In Italia, dal 2014, si è messa in atto una propria Strategia al fine di ridurre concretamente il deficit democratico che sta investendo l’intera nazione. Il principio di attuazione è stato quello di non lavorare su politiche uniformi calate dall’alto (one size fits all), ma di progettare gli interventi in una dimensione territoriale capace di “curvarsi” sulle specificità delle aree periferiche. Il rilancio di queste aree si è scontrato con la capacità di elaborare politiche pubbliche, capaci di coniugare le aspettative di sviluppo del territorio, sfruttandone i vantaggi competitivi naturali, con la salvaguardia delle identità storico-culturali. La tesi che si persegue riguarda l’idea che le aree interne così come definite dalla SNAI non siano sufficienti a definire la complessità dei territori. A partire dalla definizione del territorio quale sistema complesso, secondo le sue componenti predominanti culturali e naturali, si vuole dimostrare, dopo un’accurata analisi critica delle strategie avviate nelle aree pilota del nostro Paese, che, nonostante la consapevolezza di trovarsi in luoghi depositari di un patrimonio che ne costituisce l’armatura territoriale, l’attuale selezione delle aree e dei nuclei insediativi ricadenti, sia insufficiente a definire e comprendere le dinamiche socio- economiche per avviare processi che possano invertire il trend di declino demografico. Inoltre, le strategie attuate dovrebbero essere ampliate secondo una visione integrata e un sistema socio- ecologico per un nuovo modello di governance delle aree interne. Tale modello sarà utile per supportare processi di sviluppo in grado di coniugare sostenibilità e resilienza per la riattivazione dei nuclei insediativi, al fine di arginare il fenomeno dello spopolamento e dell’abbandono delle aree interne italiane. Le politiche europee e italiane, seppur meritevoli di aver attivato processi per la rigenerazione dei territori definiti marginali, sono ancora fortemente indirizzati verso i centri polarizzati e le città metropolitane, destinando risorse limitate alle aree periferiche prescelte ed escludendone altre che vedranno aumentare il gap delle debolezze strutturali. L’obiettivo della ricerca è ridefinire la geografia di questi territori secondo un approccio ecologico, in grado di descrivere efficacemente non solo le fragilità socio- economiche e ambientali, ma anche le potenzialità, costituite dal patrimonio territoriale, coinvolgendo sempre più gli attori locali, al fine di attivare percorsi di innovazione sociale/istituzionale e di costruzione di nuove competenze. A tal fine, l’elaborazione di una mappa di comunità definirà un concetto nuovo di territorio, più vicino alla comunità che alla geografia, in cui i residenti acquisiranno consapevolezza del luogo in cui vivono e attribuiranno valore alle proprie memorie e alla fitta rete di rapporti e interrelazioni tra gli elementi che lo caratterizzano. I processi di coprogettazione virtuosi e partecipati di conoscenza, sperimentazione e innovazione, saranno utili a definire le strategie in grado di agire sulle caratteristiche di resilienza dei sistemi e consentiranno di mettere a punto strumenti operativi per le politiche di sviluppo.
I sistemi territoriali complessi: le componenti natura e cultura nei processi rigenerativi oltre la strategia delle aree interne / Spano', Lucia. - (2022 Oct 25).
I sistemi territoriali complessi: le componenti natura e cultura nei processi rigenerativi oltre la strategia delle aree interne
2022-10-25
Abstract
Across the West part of the world, the gap between rural and urban areas has widened, with the quality of basic public services deteriorating. in Italy, the concentration of industrial and economic development in the medium-hilly and coastal areas, has generated margins in the high-hilly and mountainous areas, with a significant demographic decrease, a reduction in employment, in the use of territorial resources, offer of services and coverage in the area. These phenomena have created hydrogeological instability and the decline of cultural heritage, indeed, in the last ten years, the issue of inland areas has become a national and European issue, opening a debate on territorial inequality and fragmentation and, becoming a central point of urban policies and urban-rural areas of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The attention to the territory and the new place-based approach in the context of European policies has placed the emphasis on the rediscovery and enhancement of Internal Areas. In Italy, since 2014, its own strategy has been implemented in order to concretely reduce the democratic deficit that is affecting all Nation. The guide principle of implementation was not to work on uniform policies top-down (one size fits all), but to design interventions in a territorial dimension capable of "adapting" on the specificities of peripheral areas. The restart of these areas has clashed with the ability to develop public policies, capable of combining the development expectations of the territory, exploiting its natural competitive advantages, with the safeguarding of historical-cultural identities. This research work concerns the idea that the internal areas, as defined by the SNAI strategy, are not sufficient to define the complexity of the territories. Starting from the definition of the territory as a complex system, according to its predominant cultural and natural components, we want to prove, after a careful critical analysis of the strategies launched in the pilot areas of our country, that, despite the awareness of being in places that have a patrimony that constitutes its territorial framework, the current selection of the falling areas and settlements, is not sufficient to define and understand the socio-economic dynamics to initiate processes that can reverse the trend of demographic decline. Furthermore, the strategies implemented should include an integrated vision and a socio-ecological system for a new governance model of inland areas. This model will be useful for supporting development processes capable of combining sustainability and resilience for the reactivation of settlement centers, in order to contain the phenomenon of depopulation and abandonment of inland Italian areas. European and Italian policies, although deserving of having activated processes for the regeneration of territories defined as marginal, are still strongly concerned towards polarized centers and metropolitan cities, allocating limited resources to the selected peripheral areas and excluding others, this fact will increase the gap in weaknesses increase structural. The aim of the research is to redefine the geography of these territories according to an ecological approach, capable of effectively describing not only the socio-economic and environmental fragility, but also the potential, constituted by the territorial heritage, involving more and more local actors, at in order to activate social / institutional innovation paths for building new skills. To this end, the elaboration of a community map, will define a new concept of territory, closer to the community than to geography, in which residents will be aware of the place where they live; they will value their memories and the dense network of relationships and, interrelationships between the elements that characterize it. The virtuous and participatory co-design processes of knowledge, experimentation and innovation will be useful in defining the strategies for acting on the resilience characteristics of the systems and will allow the development of operational tools for the development of policiesFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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