The pandemic spread of the Covid-19 contagion has determined an unprecedented emergency situation in contemporary times, faced by copious and continuous legislation. The legislative response to the health crisis had important and multiple repercussions on criminal law. On the one hand, the criminal sanction was identified as the main tool aimed at ensuring compliance with the restrictive measures to contain the contagion, resulting in an expansion of the spaces covered by criminal law (and therefore of the related, possible configuration of responsibility). On the other hand, a need has emerged in parallel to reduce and contain the assumptions of responsibility towards those most exposed to the risk of an epidemic, such as health workers and entrepreneurs / employers. The purpose of the research activity is, therefore, to investigate the issue of criminal liability in the spread of the Covid-19 contagion, according to an approach that takes into account, on one hand, the application criticalities and the structural limits of the criminal offenses referred to. to articles 438 and 452 of the Criminal Code, on the other hand the need to protect the categories most exposed to health and epidemiological risk. As for the configuration of the epidemic crime, the analysis is conducted by examining the main criticalities of the case. In the peculiar hypotheses of the spread of the Covid-19 contagion, the most problematic aspect is the ascertainment of the causal link, which must exist between the conduct of the perpetrator and the harmful event for a large number of people (together with the territorial extension of the phenomenon), and the correct identification of the psychological profile of the crime. With reference to the “shield rules” aimed at satisfying the need for protection and containment of liability expressed by the aforementioned professional categories, the investigation is conducted by analyzing: the reasons underlying their formulation; the regulatory technique used, the method of impact with regard to the mechanism for attributing responsibility; of their (effective) exemption effectiveness
La diffusione pandemica del contagio da Covid-19 ha determinato una situazione di emergenza senza precedenti in epoca contemporanea, fronteggiata mediante una copiosa e continua produzione normativa. La risposta legislativa alla crisi sanitaria avuto importanti e molteplici riflessi sul diritto penale. Da un lato, la sanzione criminale è stata individuata quale principale strumento volto ad assicurare l’osservanza delle misure restrittive di contenimento del contagio, registrandosi conseguentemente un ampliamento degli spazi presidiati dal diritto penale (e dunque della relativa, possibile, configurazione di responsabilità). D’altro, è parallelamente emersa un’esigenza di contrazione e contenimento delle ipotesi di responsabilità nei confronti dei soggetti maggiormente esposti al rischio di epidemia, quali gli operatori sanitari e gli imprenditori/datori di lavoro. Lo scopo dell’attività di ricerca è, dunque, quello di indagare il tema della responsabilità penale nella diffusione del contagio da Covid-19, secondo un approccio che tenga conto, da una parte delle criticità applicative e dei limiti strutturali delle fattispecie criminose di cui agli artt. 438 e 452 c.p., dall’altra della necessità di tutelare le categorie più esposte al rischio sanitario ed epidemiologico. Quanto alla configurazione del delitto di epidemia, l’analisi è condotta mediante l’esame delle principali criticità della fattispecie. Nelle peculiari ipotesi della diffusione del contagio da Covid-19, l’aspetto maggiormente problematico è costituito dall’accertamento del nesso di causalità, che deve sussistere tra la condotta dell’autore e l’evento dannoso per un numero elevato di persone (unitamente all’estensione territoriale del fenomeno), e la corretta individuazione del profilo psicologico del reato. Con riferimento alle “norme scudo” volte a soddisfare l’esigenza di protezione e contenimento della responsabilità manifestata dalle anzidette categorie professionali, l’indagine è condotta mediante l’analisi: delle ragioni sottese alla loro formulazione; della tecnica normativa impiegata, della modalità di Prot. n. 0017994 del 30/11/2022 - UOR: AAG_SBA - Classif. III/6 incidenza in ordine al meccanismo di attribuzione della responsabilità; della loro (effettiva) efficacia esimente
Profili di responsabilità penale nella diffusione del contagio da Covid-19 / Capriello, Luigi. - (2022 Oct 18).
Profili di responsabilità penale nella diffusione del contagio da Covid-19
CAPRIELLO, Luigi
2022-10-18
Abstract
The pandemic spread of the Covid-19 contagion has determined an unprecedented emergency situation in contemporary times, faced by copious and continuous legislation. The legislative response to the health crisis had important and multiple repercussions on criminal law. On the one hand, the criminal sanction was identified as the main tool aimed at ensuring compliance with the restrictive measures to contain the contagion, resulting in an expansion of the spaces covered by criminal law (and therefore of the related, possible configuration of responsibility). On the other hand, a need has emerged in parallel to reduce and contain the assumptions of responsibility towards those most exposed to the risk of an epidemic, such as health workers and entrepreneurs / employers. The purpose of the research activity is, therefore, to investigate the issue of criminal liability in the spread of the Covid-19 contagion, according to an approach that takes into account, on one hand, the application criticalities and the structural limits of the criminal offenses referred to. to articles 438 and 452 of the Criminal Code, on the other hand the need to protect the categories most exposed to health and epidemiological risk. As for the configuration of the epidemic crime, the analysis is conducted by examining the main criticalities of the case. In the peculiar hypotheses of the spread of the Covid-19 contagion, the most problematic aspect is the ascertainment of the causal link, which must exist between the conduct of the perpetrator and the harmful event for a large number of people (together with the territorial extension of the phenomenon), and the correct identification of the psychological profile of the crime. With reference to the “shield rules” aimed at satisfying the need for protection and containment of liability expressed by the aforementioned professional categories, the investigation is conducted by analyzing: the reasons underlying their formulation; the regulatory technique used, the method of impact with regard to the mechanism for attributing responsibility; of their (effective) exemption effectivenessFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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