The Circular Economy (CE) advocates a complete rethinking of the production model, aimed at reusing materials and products as inputs for new production while minimizing waste. This model offers greater opportunities to maximize the value of available resources through advanced recovery and upcycling processes. In this regard, reuse, regeneration and recycling of materials have attracted strong interest in the scientific community in recent years. There is growing interest in academia in the possibility of integrating life cycle analysis and CE indicators, combining the potential of the two approaches in driving the ecological transition. The simultaneous assessment of circularity and sustainability is still uncommon in the scientific literature (Stillitano et al., 2021), probably due to the lack of computational approaches that have yet to be validated by scholars. Based on these considerations, a methodological proposal is proposed in this study based on life cycle (LC) methodologies - Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) - and circularity performance indicators, which is applied to assess closed-loop pathways, providing comprehensive results on the economic and environmental impacts generated by one of the most important Mediterranean agribusinesses: olive oil production. In the Mediterranean basin, the olive oil sector is an essential socioeconomic and cultural pillar, being part of the healthy Mediterranean diet, with great interest also linked to the landscape and territorial value. It is also a sector considered to be among those producing a large amount of waste and by-products, which in the European Union is estimated at 21.4 million tons/year, with 9.6 million tons/year coming from olive mills and 11.8 million tons from olive tree pruning (Berbel and Posadillo, 2018). Specifically, the main outputs are generated from olive pruning (wood, leaves, and branches, defined as waste) and olive oil processing (olive pomace and olive mill wastewater, defined as by-products) (Roselló-Soto et al., 2015). Overall, olive oil production can be considered a resource-intensive sector with high environmental impacts related to water and soil pollution and carbon dioxide emissions. As with most tree crops, environmental impacts arise mainly from the agricultural phase (pesticide use, fertilizer, water and waste production) and the oil production phase (byproducts, water and energy use) (Banias et al., 2017). 5 By validating sustainability and circularity using real case studies as proposed in this paper, can be highlighted the performance of the entire life cycle to provide the necessary solutions for the establishment of the circular model. Given the economic, social and environmental dimensions of olive cultivation, a paradigm shift toward the adoption of circular practices could be a path toward sustainable development and ensure economic, environmental and social sustainability, as well as the conservation of biodiversity and productivity of agroecosystems and help ensure food security over the long term. Currently in the field of sustainability, major innovative studies are attempting to solve the concerns related to CE. Nevertheless, the innovativeness is contained in the same circularity approach that evokes towards a socio-technical transition path through the proposal of a new inspirational framework for regenerative industrial design (Borrello et al., 2020). Considering that CE is a young concept (Blomsma and Brennan, 2017), most studies in the literature focus on methodological and conceptual approaches, while there are few application studies. To the best of the author's knowledge in the scientific literature, this study can represent the first integrated assessment using life cycle and circularity metrics for the transition to EC in the olive oil sector. This thesis work is divided into six chapters, some of which consist of articles published in indexed scientific journals
L’Economia Circolare (EC) sostiene un ripensamento completo del modello produttivo, finalizzato al riutilizzo di materiali e prodotti come input per una nuova produzione, riducendo al minimo i rifiuti. Da diversi anni, infatti, gli studiosi si stanno concentrando su un nuovo modello economico rigenerativo basato sul concetto di EC. Questo modello offre maggiori opportunità di massimizzare il valore delle risorse disponibili attraverso processi avanzati di recupero e upcycling. Nel mondo accademico sta crescendo l’interesse per la possibilità di integrare l’analisi del ciclo di vita e gli indicatori dell'economia circolare, combinando il potenziale dei due approcci nel guidare la transizione ecologica. La valutazione simultanea di circolarità e sostenibilità è ancora 6 poco diffusa nella letteratura scientifica (Stillitano et al., 2021), probabilmente a causa della mancanza di approcci computazionali che devono ancora essere validati dagli studiosi. Sulla base di queste considerazioni, in questo studio viene proposta una metodologica basata sugli approcci del ciclo di vita (LC) - Life Cycle Costing (LCC) e Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) - e sugli indicatori di performance della circolarità, che viene applicata per valutare i percorsi a ciclo chiuso, fornendo risultati completi sugli impatti economici e ambientali generati da uno dei più importanti comparti agroalimentari mediterranei: la produzione di olio d’oliva. Nel bacino del Mediterraneo, infatti, il settore dell’olio d’oliva è un pilastro socioeconomico e culturale essenziale, essendo parte della sana dieta mediterranea con un grande interesse legato anche al valore paesaggistico e territoriale. È anche un settore considerato tra quelli che producono una grande quantità di rifiuti e sottoprodotti, che nell’Unione Europea è stimata in 21,4 milioni di tonnellate/anno, con 9,6 milioni di tonnellate/anno provenienti dai frantoi e 11,8 milioni di tonnellate dalla potatura degli olivi (Berbel e Posadillo, 2018). In particolare, i principali output sono generati dalla potatura degli olivi (legno, foglie e rami, definiti come rifiuti) e dalla lavorazione dell’olio d’oliva (sansa e acque reflue dei frantoi, definiti come sottoprodotti) (RosellóSoto et al., 2015). Nel complesso, la produzione di olio d’oliva può essere considerata un settore ad alta intensità di risorse con un elevato impatto ambientale legato all’inquinamento delle acque e del suolo e alle emissioni di anidride carbonica. Come per la maggior parte delle colture arboree, gli impatti ambientali derivano principalmente dalla fase agricola (uso di pesticidi, fertilizzanti, produzione di acqua e rifiuti) e dalla fase di produzione dell’olio (sottoprodotti, uso di acqua ed energia) (Banias et al., 2017). Convalidando la sostenibilità e la circolarità utilizzando reali casi studio, come proposto nel presente lavoro, si possono evidenziare le performance dell'intero ciclo di vita della produzione di olio d'oliva, al fine di fornire le soluzioni necessarie per l'introduzione del modello circolare. Considerando le dimensioni economiche, sociali e ambientali dell'olivicoltura, un cambio di paradigma verso l'adozione di pratiche circolari potrebbe essere un percorso verso lo sviluppo sostenibile e garantire la sostenibilità economica, ambientale e sociale, nonché la conservazione della biodiversità e della produttività degli agroecosistemi e contribuire a garantire la sicurezza alimentare nel lungo periodo. Attualmente, sono innumerevoli gli studi innovativi nel campo della sostenibilità che utilizzano un approccio di EC. Tuttavia, l'innovatività è contenuta nello stesso approccio alla circolarità che evoca un percorso di transizione socio-tecnica attraverso la proposta di un nuovo quadro ispiratore per il design industriale rigenerativo (Borrello et al., 2020). Considerando che il concetto di EC è piuttosto recente (Blomsma e Brennan, 2017), la maggior parte degli studi in letteratura si concentra sugli approcci metodologici e concettuali, mentre ci sono pochi studi applicativi. Dalle ricerche condotte emerge che questo è il primo studio in cui si presenta una valutazione integrata che utilizza metriche del ciclo di vita e della circolarità per la transizione alla EC nel settore dell'olio d'oliva. Questo lavoro di tesi è suddiviso in sei capitoli, alcuni dei quali sono costituiti da articoli pubblicati su riviste scientifiche indicizzate
Circularity and sustainability for a new model of agro-food supply chains: application of Life Cycle methodologies to closed-loop scenarios in the olive-oil sector / Spada, Emanuele. - (2023 Mar 10).
Circularity and sustainability for a new model of agro-food supply chains: application of Life Cycle methodologies to closed-loop scenarios in the olive-oil sector
2023-03-10
Abstract
The Circular Economy (CE) advocates a complete rethinking of the production model, aimed at reusing materials and products as inputs for new production while minimizing waste. This model offers greater opportunities to maximize the value of available resources through advanced recovery and upcycling processes. In this regard, reuse, regeneration and recycling of materials have attracted strong interest in the scientific community in recent years. There is growing interest in academia in the possibility of integrating life cycle analysis and CE indicators, combining the potential of the two approaches in driving the ecological transition. The simultaneous assessment of circularity and sustainability is still uncommon in the scientific literature (Stillitano et al., 2021), probably due to the lack of computational approaches that have yet to be validated by scholars. Based on these considerations, a methodological proposal is proposed in this study based on life cycle (LC) methodologies - Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) - and circularity performance indicators, which is applied to assess closed-loop pathways, providing comprehensive results on the economic and environmental impacts generated by one of the most important Mediterranean agribusinesses: olive oil production. In the Mediterranean basin, the olive oil sector is an essential socioeconomic and cultural pillar, being part of the healthy Mediterranean diet, with great interest also linked to the landscape and territorial value. It is also a sector considered to be among those producing a large amount of waste and by-products, which in the European Union is estimated at 21.4 million tons/year, with 9.6 million tons/year coming from olive mills and 11.8 million tons from olive tree pruning (Berbel and Posadillo, 2018). Specifically, the main outputs are generated from olive pruning (wood, leaves, and branches, defined as waste) and olive oil processing (olive pomace and olive mill wastewater, defined as by-products) (Roselló-Soto et al., 2015). Overall, olive oil production can be considered a resource-intensive sector with high environmental impacts related to water and soil pollution and carbon dioxide emissions. As with most tree crops, environmental impacts arise mainly from the agricultural phase (pesticide use, fertilizer, water and waste production) and the oil production phase (byproducts, water and energy use) (Banias et al., 2017). 5 By validating sustainability and circularity using real case studies as proposed in this paper, can be highlighted the performance of the entire life cycle to provide the necessary solutions for the establishment of the circular model. Given the economic, social and environmental dimensions of olive cultivation, a paradigm shift toward the adoption of circular practices could be a path toward sustainable development and ensure economic, environmental and social sustainability, as well as the conservation of biodiversity and productivity of agroecosystems and help ensure food security over the long term. Currently in the field of sustainability, major innovative studies are attempting to solve the concerns related to CE. Nevertheless, the innovativeness is contained in the same circularity approach that evokes towards a socio-technical transition path through the proposal of a new inspirational framework for regenerative industrial design (Borrello et al., 2020). Considering that CE is a young concept (Blomsma and Brennan, 2017), most studies in the literature focus on methodological and conceptual approaches, while there are few application studies. To the best of the author's knowledge in the scientific literature, this study can represent the first integrated assessment using life cycle and circularity metrics for the transition to EC in the olive oil sector. This thesis work is divided into six chapters, some of which consist of articles published in indexed scientific journalsFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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