Lo scopo di questa tesi di dottorato è stato quello di trovare soluzioni "green", valorizzando i sottoprodotti del settore agroindustriale o alimenti alternativi, in particolare quelli derivanti dalla produzione dell'olio di oliva (sansa di olive), combinata ai semi di lino, nell'alimentazione dei bovini podolici, valutandone gli effetti sulla crescita delle prestazioni, sulla stabilità ossidativa (shelf life) e sulla qualità della carne. Grazie alle loro importanti proprietà, la sansa di oliva e i semi di lino sono stati utilizzati nella seguente prova sperimentale condotta su trentasei bovini podolici, suddivisi in 4 gruppi, Gruppo Controllo (CTRL), Gruppo OC (Gruppo con sansa di olive), Gruppo EL (Gruppo con semi di lino) e Gruppo OCEL (Gruppo con sansa di olive + semi di lino) per valutare la performance degli animali e la qualità della carne. L'alimentazione dei bovini podolici, una razza rustica tipica delle aree montane italiane, è caratterizzata da una dieta principalmente basata su foraggi di montagna, come erbe e fieno, che rispecchiano la loro natura adattativa a contesti poveri e difficili. Tuttavia, l'introduzione di sottoprodotti agricoli come la sansa di olive e i semi di lino nell'alimentazione di questi animali rappresenta una pratica innovativa che, oltre a migliorare la nutrizione e la qualità dei prodotti animali, contribuisce anche alla sostenibilità delle pratiche agricole. La sansa di olive è il residuo solido che si ottiene dalla frangitura delle olive durante il processo di estrazione dell'olio d'oliva e contiene polifenoli, composti antiossidanti che possono avere effetti positivi sulla salute dei bovini. I polifenoli sono noti per le loro proprietà anti- infiammatorie e immunomodulanti, che potrebbero migliorare la risposta immunitaria degli animali, aumentando la loro resistenza alle malattie e migliorando la loro salute generale. Tuttavia, l'alto contenuto di olio nella sansa può rappresentare una sfida. Se non trattata correttamente, la sansa può risultare difficile da digerire per i bovini, con il rischio di causare disordini digestivi. Pertanto, per ottimizzare l'alimentazione, la sansa deve essere trattata, mediante essiccazione o estrazione dell'olio, al fine di ridurre il contenuto lipidico e migliorare la digestibilità. Inoltre, la quantità di sansa somministrata deve essere monitorata con attenzione per evitare un eccessivo apporto calorico. I semi di lino sono un’altra fonte preziosa di nutrimento per i bovini podolici. Questi semi sono particolarmente ricchi di acidi grassi polinsaturi, in particolare di acido alfa- linolenico (ALA), un tipo di acido grasso Omega-3 che può migliorare la qualità dei grassi nella carne, conferendo ai prodotti animali una maggiore quantità di grassi sani. Quindi l’utilizzo della sansa di olive e dei semi di lino rappresenta un'opportunità per integrare le diete dei bovini podolici con alimenti sani, nutrienti e sostenibili. Con una gestione attenta e bilanciata, queste risorse possono contribuire significativamente al miglioramento della qualità dei prodotti animali e alla promozione di un’agricoltura più ecologica ed efficiente.

The aim of this PhD thesis was to find "green" solutions by valorizing agro industrial by- products or alternative feeds, particularly those derived from olive oil production (olive cake), combined with linseeds, in the feeding of young podolian bulls, evaluating their effects on growth performance, oxidative stability (shelf life), and meat quality. Due to their significant properties, olive cake and linseeds were used in the following experimental trial conducted on thirty-six young podolian bulls, divided into 4 groups: Control Group (CTRL), Olive cake Group (OC), Linseeds Group (EL), and olive cake + linseeds Group (OCEL), to evaluate animal performance and meat quality. Podolian bulls, a rustic breed typical of Italy's mountainous regions, are traditionally fed a diet based primarily on mountain forage, such as grasses and hay, which reflects their adaptive nature to poor and challenging environments. However, the introduction of agricultural by-products such as olive cake and linseeds into the diet of these animals represents an innovative practice that, in addition to improving nutrition and the quality of animal products, also contributes to the sustainability of agricultural practices. Olive cake is the solid residue obtained from the crushing of olives during the olive oil extraction process and contains polyphenols, antioxidant compounds that may have positive effects on the health of cattle. Polyphenols are known for their anti inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which could enhance the animals' immune response, increasing their resistance to diseases and improving their overall health. However, the high oil content in olive cake can pose a challenge. If not properly processed, olive cake can be difficult for cattle to digest, potentially leading to digestive disorders. Therefore, to optimize its use, olive cake must be treated, either by drying or oil extraction, to reduce its lipid content and improve digestibility. Additionally, the amount of olive cake fed to the animals must be carefully monitored to prevent excessive caloric intake. Linseeds are another valuable source of nutrition for podolian bulls. These seeds are particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a type of Omega-3 fatty acid that can improve the quality of fats in meat, providing animal products with a higher amount of healthy fats. Therefore, the use of olive cake and linseeds represents an opportunity to supplement the diets of podolian bulls with healthy, nutrient-dense, and sustainable feeds. With careful and balanced management, these resources can significantly contribute to improving the quality of animal products and promoting more ecological and efficient agricultural practices.

Innovative strategies in feeding ruminants to improve product quality and reduce environmental impact of farming / De Caria, Paolo. - (2025 Apr 29).

Innovative strategies in feeding ruminants to improve product quality and reduce environmental impact of farming

De Caria, Paolo
2025-04-29

Abstract

The aim of this PhD thesis was to find "green" solutions by valorizing agro industrial by- products or alternative feeds, particularly those derived from olive oil production (olive cake), combined with linseeds, in the feeding of young podolian bulls, evaluating their effects on growth performance, oxidative stability (shelf life), and meat quality. Due to their significant properties, olive cake and linseeds were used in the following experimental trial conducted on thirty-six young podolian bulls, divided into 4 groups: Control Group (CTRL), Olive cake Group (OC), Linseeds Group (EL), and olive cake + linseeds Group (OCEL), to evaluate animal performance and meat quality. Podolian bulls, a rustic breed typical of Italy's mountainous regions, are traditionally fed a diet based primarily on mountain forage, such as grasses and hay, which reflects their adaptive nature to poor and challenging environments. However, the introduction of agricultural by-products such as olive cake and linseeds into the diet of these animals represents an innovative practice that, in addition to improving nutrition and the quality of animal products, also contributes to the sustainability of agricultural practices. Olive cake is the solid residue obtained from the crushing of olives during the olive oil extraction process and contains polyphenols, antioxidant compounds that may have positive effects on the health of cattle. Polyphenols are known for their anti inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which could enhance the animals' immune response, increasing their resistance to diseases and improving their overall health. However, the high oil content in olive cake can pose a challenge. If not properly processed, olive cake can be difficult for cattle to digest, potentially leading to digestive disorders. Therefore, to optimize its use, olive cake must be treated, either by drying or oil extraction, to reduce its lipid content and improve digestibility. Additionally, the amount of olive cake fed to the animals must be carefully monitored to prevent excessive caloric intake. Linseeds are another valuable source of nutrition for podolian bulls. These seeds are particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a type of Omega-3 fatty acid that can improve the quality of fats in meat, providing animal products with a higher amount of healthy fats. Therefore, the use of olive cake and linseeds represents an opportunity to supplement the diets of podolian bulls with healthy, nutrient-dense, and sustainable feeds. With careful and balanced management, these resources can significantly contribute to improving the quality of animal products and promoting more ecological and efficient agricultural practices.
29-apr-2025
Settore AGR/18 - NUTRIZIONE E ALIMENTAZIONE ANIMALE
Settore AGRI-09/B - Nutrizione e alimentazione animale
PISCOPO, Amalia Rosa Maria
CAPARRA, Pasquale
SCHENA, Leonardo
Doctoral Thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12318/156610
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