This contribution, based on the acquisition of archive documentation and the execution of the digital survey of the state of fact, proposes a three-dimensional reconstruction of the famedio designed by the architect Leone Savoja (1814-1885) for the cemetery of the city of Messina. Built in the 19th century, Leone Savoja’s famedio is an important testimony in the field of 19th-century monumental funerary architecture, whose history has determined its current condition of incompleteness. Inaugurated incomplete in 1872, the famedio of Messina is a monumental late neoclassical architecture that includes elements of nineteenth-century eclecticism. The project was drawn up as part of a competition open to all architects of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, announced in 1854, a competition that Savoia won together with his collaborators C. Beccalli, G. Bottari and G. Fiore. The building had not yet been completed when, in 1908, the earthquake that affected the two banks of the strait damaged several parts of it, including the roofs and particularly the so-called northern basilica, making its restoration inconvenient, also due to the new anti-seismic regulations. At the time of the earthquake, the base, equipped with semi-underground rooms, the northern part of the gallery, and the orthogonal section to it, called the basilica, were completed. The archive documentation assumes a central value in the process of graphic analysis and digital reconstruction of those inaccessible, unrealized, partially or totally destroyed architectures; in a first research phase the archive graphic documentation was acquired, which represents an essential source for the reconstruction of the building in its entirety. The Damiani Almeyda archive in Palermo preserves a copy of the documents drawn up by Savoja, transmitted to the engineer and architect Giuseppe Damiani Almeyda (1834-1911) as part of a correspondence addressed to illustrate to him the architectural solutions adopted in the Messina monument. Giuseppe Damiani Almeyda was interested in addressing the theme of the design of a cemetery in an academic context. Following the air raids of 1943, the large cemetery suffered several damages, therefore the project for the repair, reconstruction and completion of the Monumental Gallery was drawn up by the engineer Enrico Fleres; these documents are preserved at the State Archives of Messina. A second phase involved the execution of digital surveys, through the integrated use of laser scanners and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the acquisition and representation of the actual state. The survey carried out with UAV allowed the area pertaining to the famedio and the consistency of the ruins themselves to be documented. The survey carried out with laser scanner allowed the generation of a denser point cloud, useful for the documentation of the architectural prospect, with greater attention to detail. The third phase of the research involved the redrawing of the building, an operation aimed at the digital reconstruction and the production of the analog three-dimensional model made through the use of a 3D FDM printer.
Il presente contributo, basandosi sull’acquisizione della documentazione d’archivio e sull’esecuzione del rilievo digitale dello stato di fatto, propone una ricostruzione tridimensionale del famedio progettato dall’architetto Leone Savoja (1814-1885) per il gran camposanto della città di Messina. Realizzato nel XIX secolo, il famedio di Leone Savoja è un’importante testimonianza nell’ambito dell’architettura funeraria monumentale ottocentesca, la cui stessa storia ne ha determinato l’attuale condizione di incompiutezza. Inaugurato non ancora completo nel 1872, il famedio di Messina è un’architettura monumentale tardo neoclassica che include elementi dell’eclettismo ottocentesco. Il progetto è stato redatto nell’ambito di un concorso aperto a tutti gli architetti del Regno delle Due Sicilie, bandito nel 1854, e vinto dal Savoja insieme ai suoi collaboratori C. Beccalli, G. Bottari e G. Fiore. L’edificio non era stato ancora completato quando, nel 1908, il terremoto che interessò le due sponde dello stretto, ne danneggiò diverse porzioni, tra cui le coperture e particolarmente la cd. basilica nord, rendendone sconveniente la risistemazione, anche a causa delle nuove norme antisismiche. Alla data del sisma risultavano completati il basamento, dotato di ambienti semi ipogei, l’ala nord della galleria, e l’ambiente ortogonale ad essa, denominato basilica. La documentazione d’archivio assume un valore centrale nel processo di analisi grafica e di ricostruzione digitale di quelle architetture inaccessibili, non realizzate, in parte o totalmente distrutte; in una prima fase di ricerca è stata acquisita la documentazione grafica d’archivio, che rappresenta una fonte essenziale per la ricostruzione dell’edificio nella sua interezza. Presso l’archivio Damiani Almeyda di Palermo sono conservati in copia gli elaborati redatti dal Savoja, trasmessi all’ingegnere e architetto Giuseppe Damiani Almeyda (1834-1911) nell’ambito di una corrispondenza indirizzata ad illustrare allo stesso le soluzioni architettoniche adottate nel monumento messinese. Giuseppe Damiani Almeyda era interessato ad affrontare in ambito accademico il tema della progettazione di un camposanto. A seguito dei bombardamenti aerei del 1943 il gran camposanto subì diversi danneggiamenti, venne pertanto redatto dall’ingegnere Enrico Fleres il progetto di riparazione, ricostruzione e completamento della Galleria Monumentale; tali elaborati sono conservati presso l’Archivio di Stato di Messina. Una seconda fase ha previsto l’esecuzione di rilievi digitali, attraverso l’impiego integrato di laser scanner e aeromobile a pilotaggio remoto (APR), per l’acquisizione e la rappresentazione dello stato di fatto. Il rilievo eseguito con APR ha consentito di documentare l’area pertinente al famedio e la consistenza dei ruderi stessi. Il rilievo eseguito con laser scanner ha consentito la generazione di una nuvola di punti maggiormente densa, utile alla documentazione del prospetto architettonico, con maggiore attenzione ai dettagli. La terza fase della ricerca ha previsto il ridisegno dell’edificio, operazione finalizzata alla Fig. 1 - Dettaglio del modello tridimensionale ricostruito e stampato in 3d (elaborazione degli autori). 418 Modellare / Modelling ricostruzione digitale ed alla produzione del modello tridimensionale analogico realizzato attraverso l’impiego di stampante 3D FDM.
Tra disegni d’archivio e rilievo digitale dello stato di fatto: il modello del famedio di Leone Savoja al gran camposanto di Messina / Arena, Marinella; Fatta, Francesca; Stilo, Francesco; Pizzonia, Lorella. - (2024), pp. 416-430.
Tra disegni d’archivio e rilievo digitale dello stato di fatto: il modello del famedio di Leone Savoja al gran camposanto di Messina
Marinella Arena
;Fatta Francesca
;stilo francesco
;pizzonia lorella
2024-01-01
Abstract
This contribution, based on the acquisition of archive documentation and the execution of the digital survey of the state of fact, proposes a three-dimensional reconstruction of the famedio designed by the architect Leone Savoja (1814-1885) for the cemetery of the city of Messina. Built in the 19th century, Leone Savoja’s famedio is an important testimony in the field of 19th-century monumental funerary architecture, whose history has determined its current condition of incompleteness. Inaugurated incomplete in 1872, the famedio of Messina is a monumental late neoclassical architecture that includes elements of nineteenth-century eclecticism. The project was drawn up as part of a competition open to all architects of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, announced in 1854, a competition that Savoia won together with his collaborators C. Beccalli, G. Bottari and G. Fiore. The building had not yet been completed when, in 1908, the earthquake that affected the two banks of the strait damaged several parts of it, including the roofs and particularly the so-called northern basilica, making its restoration inconvenient, also due to the new anti-seismic regulations. At the time of the earthquake, the base, equipped with semi-underground rooms, the northern part of the gallery, and the orthogonal section to it, called the basilica, were completed. The archive documentation assumes a central value in the process of graphic analysis and digital reconstruction of those inaccessible, unrealized, partially or totally destroyed architectures; in a first research phase the archive graphic documentation was acquired, which represents an essential source for the reconstruction of the building in its entirety. The Damiani Almeyda archive in Palermo preserves a copy of the documents drawn up by Savoja, transmitted to the engineer and architect Giuseppe Damiani Almeyda (1834-1911) as part of a correspondence addressed to illustrate to him the architectural solutions adopted in the Messina monument. Giuseppe Damiani Almeyda was interested in addressing the theme of the design of a cemetery in an academic context. Following the air raids of 1943, the large cemetery suffered several damages, therefore the project for the repair, reconstruction and completion of the Monumental Gallery was drawn up by the engineer Enrico Fleres; these documents are preserved at the State Archives of Messina. A second phase involved the execution of digital surveys, through the integrated use of laser scanners and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the acquisition and representation of the actual state. The survey carried out with UAV allowed the area pertaining to the famedio and the consistency of the ruins themselves to be documented. The survey carried out with laser scanner allowed the generation of a denser point cloud, useful for the documentation of the architectural prospect, with greater attention to detail. The third phase of the research involved the redrawing of the building, an operation aimed at the digital reconstruction and the production of the analog three-dimensional model made through the use of a 3D FDM printer.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


