Forest fires are one of the main threats to forest ecosystems in the Mediterranean basin, profoundly affecting their structure, biodiversity and hydrogeological stability. In recent decades, the frequency and severity of forest fires have increased significantly, mainly due to climate change, the abandonment of traditional agricultural practices and the expansion of the urban-forest interface. These extreme events cause serious changes in the physical- chemical and biological processes of the soil, increasing the risk of erosion, loss of organic matter and hydrogeological instability, especially in areas with particularly vulnerable orographic and morphological conditions, such as Calabria (Southern Italy). In this context, post-fire management becomes crucial to mitigate damage and promote the natural regeneration of forest ecosystems. The aim of this thesis was therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of a nature-based solution (NBS) for the sustainable management of forest areas affected by fires. In particular, the main objective was to analyse the use of burnt and felled logs as log erosion barriers (LEBs) to contain erosion processes and promote the natural regeneration of forest ecosystems. Furthermore, the effect of this measure on the auto-regeneration dynamics of the forest after the fire was also studied, with particular attention to vegetation succession and soil stability. The research was conducted within the Aspromonte National Park (Calabria, Southern Italy), in one of the areas most affected by extreme forest fires in the summer of 2021. Three plot blocks were implemented within the study area, representing the following forest conditions: (i) burnt and rearranged (BR), where burnt and felled logs were placed along the contour lines of the slope and secured to the ground with wooden stakes; (ii) burnt (B), where logs were left randomly on the ground; (iii) forested (F), representing the condition of the forest before the forest fire. Each plot block was further divided into subplots, within which the effects of the measure on hydrological aspects and forest auto- regeneration were monitored, and the mechanical properties of the logs used as barriers were also assessed. The results showed that the use of LEBs led to a significant reduction in surface runoff and sediment yield, contributing to slope stabilisation. Pioneer vegetation, consisting mainly of herbaceous and shrubby species, rapidly colonised the areas behind the barriers, providing immediate protection against soil erosion. However, the presence of this vegetation temporarily hindered the natural regeneration of Pinus radiata, which showed lower seedling density in the BR blocks than in the B blocks. Despite this, pioneer vegetation played a crucial role in improving soil quality and promoting ecosystem resilience, helping to create favourable conditions for the long-term growth of Pinus radiata seedlings. Furthermore, the durability of the logs used appears to provide sufficient protection for the time required for forest regeneration. In conclusion, the implementation of nature-based solutions, such as LEBs, may represent a promising approach to addressing the challenges posed by forest fires and promoting the resilience of Mediterranean forest ecosystems.

Gli incendi boschivi rappresentano una delle principali minacce per gli ecosistemi forestali nel bacino del Mediterraneo, influenzando profondamente la loro struttura, la biodiversità e la stabilità idrogeologica. Negli ultimi decenni, la frequenza e la severità degli incendi sono aumentate significativamente, soprattutto a causa del cambiamento climatico, dell’abbandono delle pratiche agricole tradizionali e dell’espansione dell’interfaccia urbano-forestale. Questi eventi estremi causano gravi alterazioni nei processi fisico- chimici e biologici del suolo, aumentando il rischio di erosione, perdita di sostanza organica e instabilità idrogeologica, soprattutto in aree con condizioni orografiche e morfologiche particolarmente vulnerabili, come la Calabria. In tale contesto, la gestione post-incendio diventa cruciale per mitigare i danni e favorire la rigenerazione naturale degli ecosistemi forestali. L’obiettivo del seguente lavoro di tesi è stato perciò quello di valutare l’efficacia di una nature-based solution (NBS) per la gestione sostenibile delle aree forestali colpite dagli incendi. In particolare, l’obiettivo principale è stato quello di analizzare l’utilizzo di tronchi bruciati e abbattuti dall’incendio come Log erosion barriers (LEBs) per contenere i processi erosivi e favorire la rigenerazione naturale degli ecosistemi forestali. Inoltre, è stato anche studiato l’effetto di questa misura nei confronti delle dinamiche di autorigenerazione del bosco post-incendio, con particolare attenzione alla successione vegetativa e alla stabilità del suolo. La ricerca è stata condotta all’interno del Parco Nazionale dell’Aspromonte (Calabria, Sud Italia), in una delle aree più colpite dagli incendi boschivi estremi dell’estate del 2021. All’interno dell’area di studio sono stati implementati tre plot blocks, rappresentanti le seguenti condizioni del bosco: (i) bruciato e sistemato (BR), in cui i tronchi bruciati e abbattuti sono stati posizionati lungo le curve di livello del pendio e fissati a terra con picchetti di legno: (ii) bruciato (B), dove i tronchi sono stati lasciati in modo casuale sul terreno; (iii) Boschivo (F), che rappresenta la condizione del bosco pre-incendio. Ogni plot block è stato ulteriormente suddiviso in subplots, all’interno dei quali sono stati monitorati gli effetti della misura sugli aspetti idrologici, sull’autorigenerazione del bosco, e dove sono state valutate anche le proprietà meccaniche dei tronchi utilizzati come barriere. I risultati hanno evidenziato che l’utilizzo dei LEBs ha portato a una significativa riduzione del deflusso superficiale e della produzione di sedimenti, contribuendo alla stabilizzazione dei pendii. La vegetazione pioniera, composta principalmente da specie erbacee e arbustive, ha rapidamente colonizzato le aree dietro le barriere, fornendo una protezione immediata contro l’erosione del suolo. Tuttavia, la presenza di questa vegetazione ha temporaneamente ostacolato la rigenerazione naturale di Pinus radiata, che ha mostrato una densità di piantine inferiore nei blocchi BR rispetto ai blocchi B. Nonostante ciò, la vegetazione pioniera ha svolto un ruolo cruciale nel migliorare la qualità del suolo e nel favorire la resilienza dell’ecosistema, contribuendo a creare condizioni favorevoli per la crescita delle piantine di Pinus radiata nel lungo periodo. Inoltre, la durabilità dei tronchi adoperati sembra poter garantire un’azione protettiva sufficiente per il tempo necessario alla rigenerazione forestale. In conclusione, l’adozione di nature-based solutions, come i LEBs, può rappresentare un approccio promettente per affrontare le sfide poste dagli incendi boschivi e per promuovere la resilienza degli ecosistemi forestali mediterranei.

USE OF LOGS DOWNED BY FOREST FIRES AS EROSION BARRIERS TO CONTROL HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE AND ENCOURAGE FOREST AUTO-REGENERATION IN BURNT MOUNTAIN AREA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN / Manti, L.M.. - (2026 Sep 09).

USE OF LOGS DOWNED BY FOREST FIRES AS EROSION BARRIERS TO CONTROL HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE AND ENCOURAGE FOREST AUTO-REGENERATION IN BURNT MOUNTAIN AREA OF THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN

Manti, Leonardo Maurizio
2026-09-09

Abstract

Forest fires are one of the main threats to forest ecosystems in the Mediterranean basin, profoundly affecting their structure, biodiversity and hydrogeological stability. In recent decades, the frequency and severity of forest fires have increased significantly, mainly due to climate change, the abandonment of traditional agricultural practices and the expansion of the urban-forest interface. These extreme events cause serious changes in the physical- chemical and biological processes of the soil, increasing the risk of erosion, loss of organic matter and hydrogeological instability, especially in areas with particularly vulnerable orographic and morphological conditions, such as Calabria (Southern Italy). In this context, post-fire management becomes crucial to mitigate damage and promote the natural regeneration of forest ecosystems. The aim of this thesis was therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of a nature-based solution (NBS) for the sustainable management of forest areas affected by fires. In particular, the main objective was to analyse the use of burnt and felled logs as log erosion barriers (LEBs) to contain erosion processes and promote the natural regeneration of forest ecosystems. Furthermore, the effect of this measure on the auto-regeneration dynamics of the forest after the fire was also studied, with particular attention to vegetation succession and soil stability. The research was conducted within the Aspromonte National Park (Calabria, Southern Italy), in one of the areas most affected by extreme forest fires in the summer of 2021. Three plot blocks were implemented within the study area, representing the following forest conditions: (i) burnt and rearranged (BR), where burnt and felled logs were placed along the contour lines of the slope and secured to the ground with wooden stakes; (ii) burnt (B), where logs were left randomly on the ground; (iii) forested (F), representing the condition of the forest before the forest fire. Each plot block was further divided into subplots, within which the effects of the measure on hydrological aspects and forest auto- regeneration were monitored, and the mechanical properties of the logs used as barriers were also assessed. The results showed that the use of LEBs led to a significant reduction in surface runoff and sediment yield, contributing to slope stabilisation. Pioneer vegetation, consisting mainly of herbaceous and shrubby species, rapidly colonised the areas behind the barriers, providing immediate protection against soil erosion. However, the presence of this vegetation temporarily hindered the natural regeneration of Pinus radiata, which showed lower seedling density in the BR blocks than in the B blocks. Despite this, pioneer vegetation played a crucial role in improving soil quality and promoting ecosystem resilience, helping to create favourable conditions for the long-term growth of Pinus radiata seedlings. Furthermore, the durability of the logs used appears to provide sufficient protection for the time required for forest regeneration. In conclusion, the implementation of nature-based solutions, such as LEBs, may represent a promising approach to addressing the challenges posed by forest fires and promoting the resilience of Mediterranean forest ecosystems.
9-set-2026
Settore AGR/08 - IDRAULICA AGRARIA E SISTEMAZIONI IDRAULICO-FORESTALI
Settore AGRI-04/A - Idraulica agraria e sistemazioni idraulico-forestali
BOMBINO, Giuseppe
MARZILIANO, Pasquale Antonio
SCHENA, Leonardo
Doctoral Thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12318/169648
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