This research deals with the urban impacts of dependency, crisis, and austerity in the periphery of the Eurozone. In particular, emphasizing the linkages between the local and global scales of uneven development, it aims to grasp the interaction between the subordinate insertion of Portugal in the Eurozone and the commodification of Lisbon's Historic Center under the pressure of mass tourism and global real estate investment. It intends to contribute to critical theory by adding a new empirical layer to the study of neoliberal urban restructuring. Analyzed against the Portuguese macroeconomic background, the ongoing transformation of Lisbon's Historic Center constitutes an interesting case for the study of urban neoliberalism in the periphery of the Eurozone. Reversing the usual North-to-South flow of scientific knowledge, dependency theory is adopted as analytical framework to address the structural backwardness of the Portuguese economy. Being the object of analysis a complex ongoing phenomenon, a casestudy research methodology combining quantitative and qualitative techniques is implemented. The first theoretical part of this work reviews dependency theory, worldsystems analysis, and modernization theory. It deals with financial dependency and foreign investment, recalls the structural adjustment programs of the eighties and nineties, and addresses the impacts of globalization on sovereignty. The second theoretical part focuses on urban neoliberal restructuring. It reviews the global city theory, deals with urban policy and social conflict, and reviews the notions of gentrification, regeneration, rent gap, and the relation between tourism and commodification. Then, the first empirical part explores the inequity of globalization and the impacts of crisis and austerity in Southern Europe and its major cities. After analyzing the European core-periphery divide and the financial dependency of the South, it studies the structural backwardness of the Portuguese economy. The second empirical part analyzes the ongoing commodification of Lisbon's Historic Center, emphasizing the role of tourism, foreign investment, and an investor-friendly legislative framework implemented in the context of the crisis while paying attention to the social response to the phenomenon. First, this research attempts to identify how the interaction between dependency and austerity affects the transformation of historic areas in the periphery of the Eurozone. It concludes that, as the former strangles the economy and impoverishes the society, it encourages the sale of assets to foreign investors. Growing demand on external markets with higher purchasing power pushes housing prices above the locals' financial capacity, and an enclave-type exploitation of the real estate emerges. Second, this work aims to define whether capital from the core leads the commodification of historic areas in the periphery of the Eurozone. It concludes that it does, but argues that investors from the semiperiphery and periphery of the world-economy are gaining significance in that process. And third, it attempts to describe the role of neoliberal urban policies in the commodification of historic urban areas in the periphery of the Eurozone. It concludes that, under neoliberalism, the legislative framework tends to facilitate the prevailing market dynamics in the name of economic growth ―including the commodification of the city.

La ricerca si occupa degli impatti urbani della dipendenza, crisi e austerita nella periferia dell’Eurozona. In particolare, essa cerca di comprendere l'interazione tra l'inserimento subordinato del Portogallo nell’Eurozona e la mercificazione del centro storico di Lisbona sotto la pressione del turismo di massa e l'investimento immobiliare globale, sottolineando i legami tra la scala locale e quella globale dello sviluppo ineguale. Lo studio intende contribuire alla teoria critica aggiungendo un nuovo contributo empirico allo studio della ristrutturazione urbana neoliberale. La trasformazione in corso del centro storico di Lisbona, analizzata nel contesto macroeconomico portoghese, costituisce un caso interessante per lo studio del neoliberalismo urbano nella periferia dell’Eurozona. Invertendo il solito flusso Nord-Sud della conoscenza scientifica, la teoria della dipendenza e adottata come quadro analitico per affrontare l'arretratezza strutturale dell'economia portoghese. Lo ‘studio di caso’ attraverso tecniche quantitative e qualitative e scelto come metodologia di ricerca in quanto l'oggetto dell’analisi e un fenomeno complesso attualmente in corso. La prima parte teorica di questo lavoro esamina la teoria della dipendenza, la ‘world-systems analysis’ e la teoria della modernizzazione. Questa parte si occupa della dipendenza finanziaria, degli investimenti esteri e dei programmi di aggiustamento strutturale degli anni ottanta e novanta, e affronta gli effetti della globalizzazione sulla sovranita. La seconda parte teorica si concentra sulla ristrutturazione urbana neoliberale; essa esamina la teoria della citta globale, si occupa delle politiche urbane e dei conflitti sociali, e analizza le nozioni di ‘gentrification’, rigenerazione, ‘rent gap’ e il rapporto tra turismo e mercificazione. La prima parte empirica esplora l'iniquita della globalizzazione e l'impatto della crisi e l'austerita nell'Europa meridionale e nelle sue principali citta. Dopo aver analizzato il divario centro-periferia europeo e la dipendenza finanziaria del Sud, questa parte della ricerca si concentra sull'economia portoghese. La seconda parte empirica studia la mercificazione in corso del centro storico di Lisbona, sottolineando il ruolo del turismo, degli investimenti esteri e del quadro legislativo implementato nel contesto della crisi, prestando attenzione alla risposta sociale al fenomeno studiato. In primo luogo, questa ricerca tenta di identificare come l'interazione tra dipendenza e austerita influenza la trasformazione delle aree storiche nella periferia dell'Eurozona, concludendo che essa indebolisce l'economia e impoverisce la societa, favorendo la vendita di beni ad investitori stranieri. La crescente domanda sui mercati esterni con potere d'acquisto piu elevato spinge i prezzi delle case al di sopra della capacita finanziaria della comunita locale; questo fa si che emerga uno sfruttamento del patrimonio immobiliare di tipo ‘enclave’. In secondo luogo, questo studio cerca di definire se il capitale dei paesi centrali porta alla mercificazione delle aree storiche nella periferia dell'Eurozona. I risultati dimostrano come questo avviene, ma allo stesso tempo gli investitori della semiperiferia e periferia dell'economia-mondo stanno guadagnando importanza in questo processo. Infine, la ricerca tenta di descrivere il ruolo delle politiche urbane neoliberali nella mercificazione delle aree storiche nella periferia dell'Eurozona, concludendo che, nel neoliberalismo, il quadro legislativo tende a facilitare le dinamiche di mercato prevalenti in nome della crescita economica ― compresa la mercificazione della citta.

Urban commodification in the periphery of the Eurozone. The case of Lisbon’s historic center / RODRIGUEZ-LESTEGAS TIZON, Iago. - (2017 Jun 22).

Urban commodification in the periphery of the Eurozone. The case of Lisbon’s historic center

RODRIGUEZ-LESTEGAS TIZON, Iago
2017-06-22

Abstract

This research deals with the urban impacts of dependency, crisis, and austerity in the periphery of the Eurozone. In particular, emphasizing the linkages between the local and global scales of uneven development, it aims to grasp the interaction between the subordinate insertion of Portugal in the Eurozone and the commodification of Lisbon's Historic Center under the pressure of mass tourism and global real estate investment. It intends to contribute to critical theory by adding a new empirical layer to the study of neoliberal urban restructuring. Analyzed against the Portuguese macroeconomic background, the ongoing transformation of Lisbon's Historic Center constitutes an interesting case for the study of urban neoliberalism in the periphery of the Eurozone. Reversing the usual North-to-South flow of scientific knowledge, dependency theory is adopted as analytical framework to address the structural backwardness of the Portuguese economy. Being the object of analysis a complex ongoing phenomenon, a casestudy research methodology combining quantitative and qualitative techniques is implemented. The first theoretical part of this work reviews dependency theory, worldsystems analysis, and modernization theory. It deals with financial dependency and foreign investment, recalls the structural adjustment programs of the eighties and nineties, and addresses the impacts of globalization on sovereignty. The second theoretical part focuses on urban neoliberal restructuring. It reviews the global city theory, deals with urban policy and social conflict, and reviews the notions of gentrification, regeneration, rent gap, and the relation between tourism and commodification. Then, the first empirical part explores the inequity of globalization and the impacts of crisis and austerity in Southern Europe and its major cities. After analyzing the European core-periphery divide and the financial dependency of the South, it studies the structural backwardness of the Portuguese economy. The second empirical part analyzes the ongoing commodification of Lisbon's Historic Center, emphasizing the role of tourism, foreign investment, and an investor-friendly legislative framework implemented in the context of the crisis while paying attention to the social response to the phenomenon. First, this research attempts to identify how the interaction between dependency and austerity affects the transformation of historic areas in the periphery of the Eurozone. It concludes that, as the former strangles the economy and impoverishes the society, it encourages the sale of assets to foreign investors. Growing demand on external markets with higher purchasing power pushes housing prices above the locals' financial capacity, and an enclave-type exploitation of the real estate emerges. Second, this work aims to define whether capital from the core leads the commodification of historic areas in the periphery of the Eurozone. It concludes that it does, but argues that investors from the semiperiphery and periphery of the world-economy are gaining significance in that process. And third, it attempts to describe the role of neoliberal urban policies in the commodification of historic urban areas in the periphery of the Eurozone. It concludes that, under neoliberalism, the legislative framework tends to facilitate the prevailing market dynamics in the name of economic growth ―including the commodification of the city.
22-giu-2017
Settore ICAR/21 - URBANISTICA
FUSCHI, Paolo
Doctoral Thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12318/63582
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