The research conducted dealt with one of the most complex and debated topics in contemporary legal doctrine, which has long wondered about the opportunity (and the possibility) of developing a harmonized European framework for the right of property. Although the so called "European private law" has undergone a remarkable development in recent decades, until now the legislative interventions of the European Union have mainly concerned the sector of bonds and contracts; the discipline of the right of property, instead, has been entrusted almost entirely to national legislators, above all because of the enormous differences existing in this sphere between the various European legal traditions. In this framework of reforms aimed at progressively bringing the legal systems of the Member States closer together, the lawyer must ask himself whether in the near future a further development of European private law could concern the realm of property. In order to assess whether the conditions for starting such a harmonization exist, the research focused on the relationships between the national legal systems and the European legal order, in an attempt to identify the criteria for the composition of any legislative antinomies that may emerge when the interpreter relates the various legal sources that make up the so called multi-level system for the protection of property rights. More specifically, the research focused on the issue of the Union's competence in the field of property law, finding that the current European standards and institutional practice would seem to exclude the admissibility of such an intervention. However, since the regulatory inhomogeneities currently existing in the field of property law constitute as many invisible barriers for the integration of the national markets, a space is opened for a future European property law, aimed at pursuing the fundamental purpose of the European Union, that is the realization of a common single market. In this context, an attempt has been made to lay, in a de iure condendo perspective, the foundations of a hypothetical European system of property law, through the analysis of the concept of property within the main legal traditions of the Member States. Above all, with the aim of identifying, through an intra-systemic survey of a historical-comparative nature, a concept of ownership shared by all national legal systems. Starting from this concept, an attempt has been made, through a trans-systemic analysis, to enucleate a set of common principles, starting from which the project of harmonizing the property law in the European Union will have to be developed. Once the regulatory principles of the european property law have been established, it has been possible to enter the insidious field of the operating rules that make up the single proprietary statutes. In particular, the research started from the traditional and widely shared distinction between movable and real property, focusing especially on the rules governing the transfer of the property right (and on the related formalities), as well as on the use of the property right as a guarantee, since these profiles have particularly significant cross-border implications and therefore they show a strong need for intervention by the European legislator. Finally, the investigation focused on some juridical objects with very peculiar characteristics, on whose nature a wide debate is still open and which cannot be exclusively regulated at a national level, because of their structural characteristics and the interests they involve. In all its phases, the research was characterized by the attempt to identify those profiles that constitute potential barriers for free trade between Member States and which should be regulated at a European level, through harmonized rules, according to the principle of maximum efficiency of the common market.

La ricerca condotta ha ad oggetto uno dei temi in assoluto più complessi e dibattuti nella dottrina giuridica contemporanea, che da lungo tempo si interroga sull’opportunità (e, prima ancora, sulla possibilità) di elaborare una disciplina armonizzata, a livello europeo, del diritto di proprietà. Sebbene il c.d. “diritto privato europeo” sia andato incontro ad un notevolissimo sviluppo negli ultimi decenni, sino ad oggi gli interventi dell’Unione europea hanno riguardato principalmente il settore delle obbligazioni e dei contratti; la disciplina del diritto di proprietà è stata, invece, demandata quasi interamente ai legislatori nazionali, soprattutto in ragione delle enormi differenze esistenti in questo ambito tra le varie tradizioni giuridiche europee. In questo quadro di riforme tendenti ad un progressivo avvicinamento dei sistemi giuridici degli Stati membri, il giurista è chiamato a domandarsi se in un prossimo futuro un ulteriore sviluppo del diritto privato europeo possa riguardare l’ambito della proprietà. Allo scopo di valutare se sussistano i presupposti per avviare una tale impresa di armonizzazione, la presente ricerca si è, anzitutto, soffermata sul problema dei rapporti tra i sistemi giuridici nazionali e l’ordinamento europeo, nel tentativo di individuare i criteri di composizione delle eventuali antinomie normative che dovessero emergere nel momento in cui l’interprete porrà in relazione le varie fonti che compongono il c.d. sistema di tutela multilivello del diritto di proprietà. Più in particolare, la ricerca si è concentrata sul tema della competenza dell’Unione in materia di proprietà, riscontrando come le norme europee attualmente vigenti e la prassi istituzionale sembrerebbero escludere l’ammissibilità di un tale intervento. Tuttavia, poiché le disomogeneità normative attualmente esistenti in questo costituiscono altrettante barriere invisibili per l’integrazione dei mercati, si apre, in una prospettiva de iure condendo, uno spiraglio per una futura normativa europea della proprietà, finalizzata al perseguimento dello scopo fondamentale dell’Unione, ossia la realizzazione di un mercato unico. Ciò posto, si è tentato di gettare, in una prospettiva de iure condendo, le fondamenta di un ipotetico sistema europeo della proprietà attraverso l’analisi del concetto di proprietà all’interno delle principali tradizioni giuridiche degli Stati membri. Ciò, anzitutto, allo scopo di individuare, attraverso un’indagine intra-sistemica di tipo storico-comparatistico, un concetto di proprietà condiviso da tutti i sistemi giuridici nazionali. Partendo da questo concetto, si è tentato, attraverso un’analisi trans-sistemica, di enucleare un insieme di principi comuni, a partire dai quali dovrà essere sviluppato il progetto di armonizzazione della disciplina proprietaria nell’Unione europea. Fissati i principi regolatori della materia, è stato possibile entrare nell’insidioso campo delle regole operative che compongono i singoli statuti proprietari. In particolare, l’indagine ha preso le mosse dalla tradizionale e ampiamente condivisa distinzione tra proprietà mobiliare e immobiliare, soffermando l’attenzione soprattutto sulle regole che disciplinano il trasferimento del diritto (e sulle relative formalità), nonché sull’uso della proprietà in funzione di garanzia, poiché si tratta di profili che presentano implicazioni transfrontaliere particolarmente rilevanti e che quindi manifestano una forte necessità di un intervento del legislatore europeo. Infine, l’indagine si è concentrata su una serie di oggetti giuridici dalle caratteristiche del tutto peculiari, sulla cui natura è ancora aperto un ampio dibattito e che, per le loro caratteristiche strutturali e per gli interessi che coinvolgono, non possono essere disciplinati esclusivamente a livello nazionale. In tutte le sue fasi, la ricerca è stata caratterizzata dal tentativo di individuare quei profili che costituiscono potenziali barriere per il libero scambio tra gli Stati membri e che quindi andrebbero disciplinati a livello europeo, mediante regole armonizzate, in funzione della massima efficienza del mercato comune.

Lo Ius Commune Europaeum sulla proprietà come base per lo sviluppo di una normativa europea di armonizzazione / Votano, Giovanni. - (2020 Apr 27).

Lo Ius Commune Europaeum sulla proprietà come base per lo sviluppo di una normativa europea di armonizzazione

Votano Giovanni
2020-04-27

Abstract

The research conducted dealt with one of the most complex and debated topics in contemporary legal doctrine, which has long wondered about the opportunity (and the possibility) of developing a harmonized European framework for the right of property. Although the so called "European private law" has undergone a remarkable development in recent decades, until now the legislative interventions of the European Union have mainly concerned the sector of bonds and contracts; the discipline of the right of property, instead, has been entrusted almost entirely to national legislators, above all because of the enormous differences existing in this sphere between the various European legal traditions. In this framework of reforms aimed at progressively bringing the legal systems of the Member States closer together, the lawyer must ask himself whether in the near future a further development of European private law could concern the realm of property. In order to assess whether the conditions for starting such a harmonization exist, the research focused on the relationships between the national legal systems and the European legal order, in an attempt to identify the criteria for the composition of any legislative antinomies that may emerge when the interpreter relates the various legal sources that make up the so called multi-level system for the protection of property rights. More specifically, the research focused on the issue of the Union's competence in the field of property law, finding that the current European standards and institutional practice would seem to exclude the admissibility of such an intervention. However, since the regulatory inhomogeneities currently existing in the field of property law constitute as many invisible barriers for the integration of the national markets, a space is opened for a future European property law, aimed at pursuing the fundamental purpose of the European Union, that is the realization of a common single market. In this context, an attempt has been made to lay, in a de iure condendo perspective, the foundations of a hypothetical European system of property law, through the analysis of the concept of property within the main legal traditions of the Member States. Above all, with the aim of identifying, through an intra-systemic survey of a historical-comparative nature, a concept of ownership shared by all national legal systems. Starting from this concept, an attempt has been made, through a trans-systemic analysis, to enucleate a set of common principles, starting from which the project of harmonizing the property law in the European Union will have to be developed. Once the regulatory principles of the european property law have been established, it has been possible to enter the insidious field of the operating rules that make up the single proprietary statutes. In particular, the research started from the traditional and widely shared distinction between movable and real property, focusing especially on the rules governing the transfer of the property right (and on the related formalities), as well as on the use of the property right as a guarantee, since these profiles have particularly significant cross-border implications and therefore they show a strong need for intervention by the European legislator. Finally, the investigation focused on some juridical objects with very peculiar characteristics, on whose nature a wide debate is still open and which cannot be exclusively regulated at a national level, because of their structural characteristics and the interests they involve. In all its phases, the research was characterized by the attempt to identify those profiles that constitute potential barriers for free trade between Member States and which should be regulated at a European level, through harmonized rules, according to the principle of maximum efficiency of the common market.
27-apr-2020
Settore IUS/01 - DIRITTO PRIVATO
D'AMICO, Giovanni
SALAZAR, Carmela Maria Giustina
Doctoral Thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12318/63664
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