In Mediterranean semi-arid conditions geomorphic effects of land-use changes and check-dam installation on active channel morphology of torrent headwaters are not completely understood. In such environment the availability of specific studies, which should monitor channel adjustments as a response to reforestation and check-dams over representative observation periods, could help develop new management strategies and erosion control measures. This investigation evaluates through an integrated approach the adjustments of morphology of active channel in a representative torrent (5-km reach including 14 check-dams in fiumara Sant’Agata, Calabria, Southern Italy) after land-use changes and check-dam construction across a period of about 50 years (1955-2008). Statistical analyses of historical rainfall records, quantitative evaluations of land-use changes in the catchment area and geomorphological mapping of channel adjustments were carried out and combined with field surveys of bed surface grain-size. The analysis of the historical rainfall records showed a slight decrease in the amount and erosivity of precipitation. Mapping of land-use changes highlighted a general increase of vegetal coverage on slopes adjacent to the monitored reaches. Together with the check-dam network installation, this could have induced a decrease of water and sediment supply. The morphological and grain-size analysis of the torrent bed showed lower longitudinal slope and coarser surface sediment size upstream of check-dams compared to the downstream reaches. The different erosional and depositional forms and adjustments revealed a general narrowing between consecutive check-dams as well as local modifications, detected both upstream (bed aggradation, section expansion and low-flow realignments) and downstream (local incision) of the installed check-dams. Changes in the torrent bends were also detected as responses to erosional and depositional processes with different intensity. The study shows how, over a few decades, natural and human impact (land-use changes and check-dam installation) had important geomorphological consequences by altering water and sediment dynamics, that in turn can modify the riparian landscape.

Le peculiari condizioni climatiche e geomorfologiche dei torrenti dell’ambiente Mediterraneo generano eventi di piena estremi ed impulsivi, spesso responsabili di rilevanti fenomeni di dissesto idrogeologico. Per fronteggiarne le disastrose conseguenze, in passato sono stati realizzati interventi estensivi (es. rimboschimenti) ed intensivi (es. briglie e muri di sponda). A distanza di molti anni gli effetti idrologici connessi con i cambiamenti di uso del suolo e la costruzione di briglie nei bacini idrografici non sono stati del tutto compresi; pertanto, non appare univoca la definizione di strategie di difesa e interventi appropriati. Il presente lavoro valuta l’evoluzione morfologica dell’alveo di un torrente montano in ambiente mediterraneo nel periodo (circa 50 anni) successivo alla realizzazione di interventi sistematori. L’indagine ha previsto: (i) lo studio delle precipitazioni nel periodo in esame; (ii) la mappatura dell’uso del suolo (prima e dopo la sistemazione del bacino montano) mediante l’analisi di foto aeree, integrata da rilievi di campo; (iii) la caratterizzazione delle briglie; (iv) l’analisi delle caratteristiche morfologiche e granulometriche dell’alveo attivo, modificate dalle sistemazioni. I risultati hanno evidenziato come, in generale, il ridotto apporto di materiale solido dai versanti, connesso con l’incremento della copertura vegetale, la stabilizzazione dei sedimenti a tergo delle briglie e la riduzione degli afflussi meteorici abbiano determinato nell’arco di circa 50 anni la contrazione dell’alveo attivo nell’80% del tratto studiato e la colonizzazione di ampie parti di esso da parte della vegetazione ripale. Inoltre, sono state osservate altre modifiche geomorfologiche locali, in particolare a monte (innalzamento e allargamento dell’alveo) ed a valle (incisione e restringimento) delle briglie, nonché nelle curve del torrente in studio. Complessivamente l’indagine ha evidenziato come in pochi decenni le modifiche antropiche (come i rimboschimenti e la costruzione di briglie) e naturali (ad esempio la colonizzazione spontanea dei versanti non vegetati e l’evoluzione dei complessi vegetali) abbiano influenzato notevolmente le condizioni idrauliche e la morfologia del torrente con implicazioni sull’intero ecosistema ripale.

Effetti delle sistemazioni idraulico-forestali sulla geomorfologia di torrenti in ambiente mediteranneo / Ferrara, Paolo Antonio. - (2015 May 12).

Effetti delle sistemazioni idraulico-forestali sulla geomorfologia di torrenti in ambiente mediteranneo

2015-05-12

Abstract

In Mediterranean semi-arid conditions geomorphic effects of land-use changes and check-dam installation on active channel morphology of torrent headwaters are not completely understood. In such environment the availability of specific studies, which should monitor channel adjustments as a response to reforestation and check-dams over representative observation periods, could help develop new management strategies and erosion control measures. This investigation evaluates through an integrated approach the adjustments of morphology of active channel in a representative torrent (5-km reach including 14 check-dams in fiumara Sant’Agata, Calabria, Southern Italy) after land-use changes and check-dam construction across a period of about 50 years (1955-2008). Statistical analyses of historical rainfall records, quantitative evaluations of land-use changes in the catchment area and geomorphological mapping of channel adjustments were carried out and combined with field surveys of bed surface grain-size. The analysis of the historical rainfall records showed a slight decrease in the amount and erosivity of precipitation. Mapping of land-use changes highlighted a general increase of vegetal coverage on slopes adjacent to the monitored reaches. Together with the check-dam network installation, this could have induced a decrease of water and sediment supply. The morphological and grain-size analysis of the torrent bed showed lower longitudinal slope and coarser surface sediment size upstream of check-dams compared to the downstream reaches. The different erosional and depositional forms and adjustments revealed a general narrowing between consecutive check-dams as well as local modifications, detected both upstream (bed aggradation, section expansion and low-flow realignments) and downstream (local incision) of the installed check-dams. Changes in the torrent bends were also detected as responses to erosional and depositional processes with different intensity. The study shows how, over a few decades, natural and human impact (land-use changes and check-dam installation) had important geomorphological consequences by altering water and sediment dynamics, that in turn can modify the riparian landscape.
12-mag-2015
Settore AGR/08 - IDRAULICA AGRARIA E SISTEMAZIONI IDRAULICO-FORESTALI
ZEMA, Demetrio Antonio
DI FAZIO, Salvatore
Doctoral Thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12318/63818
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