The subject investigated with the present study is represented by the rules governing the corporate criminal liability with a particular focus on the system of controls for the prevention of crimes within the corporations provided by the Legislative Decree No. 231/2001. The research activity – which starts from the identification of the issues that corporate controls presents – develops through a recognition of the relationships, within the context of the corporate governance, between the actors of the crime-prevention system (in particular, the Supervisory Body) and others corporate bodies. It was found, on the one hand, how the proliferation of controls has led to the multiplication of responsibilities (especially the criminal ones) and, on the other, that such a scenario hinders a full achievement and development of the corporate criminal liability discipline. Indeed, judicial evaluations about the ability of the legal persons to organize - adequately and according to the rules set out in the afore-mentioned Decree – their crime-prevention systems have often revealed insensitive to the corporations’ efforts (also from an economic point a view) to provide themselves with a “virtuous” control system. In closing, the aspect which needs to be pointed out is referred to the need to construct a judgment of fault established in accordance with the constitutional principles in criminal matters, which also takes into account elements such as the behavior of the corporation (that should be understood as “aggregate”) and its concrete capacities and possibilities to control the fact. Only in the light of such judgment it does seem possible to reach, in terms of assessment performed by the Judge during a criminal proceeding, the deniability of the legal entity or, where appropriate, the recognition of its liability. In order to define an autonomous criminal responsibility of the legal persons, it is therefore essential to avoid automatic mechanisms by means of which the behavior of an unfaithful representative of the company overwhelms the entire organization.
L’elaborato ha come oggetto di studio i controlli di prevenzione endosocietari e la responsabilità dell’ente in base alla disciplina contenuta nel D.lgs. n. 231/2001. L’attività di ricerca – che prende avvio dall’individuazione dei temi e delle problematiche che presenta la disciplina dei controlli societari - si sviluppa attraverso un’indagine ricognitiva dei rapporti intercorrenti – nell’ambito della governance d’impresa – tra gli attori della prevenzione (in particolare, l’Organismo di Vigilanza) e gli organi aziendali. Si perviene quindi a rilevare, da un lato, come il moltiplicarsi dei controlli abbia comportato il moltiplicarsi delle responsabilità (soprattutto penali) e, dall’altro, come un tale scenario impedisca una piena realizzazione della disciplina della responsabilità da reato dell’ente. In effetti, le valutazioni in sede giudiziaria sulla capacità della persona giuridica di organizzarsi - adeguatamente e secondo i dettami del sopra citato Decreto - per la prevenzione del reato sono risultate spesso insensibili agli sforzi dell’ente di dotarsi (non senza un impegno anche dal punto di vista economico) di un sistema di controllo virtuoso. Con le considerazioni conclusive vuole allora evidenziarsi la necessità di costruire un giudizio di colpevolezza dell’ente rispettoso dei principi costituzionali in materia penale e che tenga conto di elementi quali il comportamento aggregato e la dominabilità del fatto da parte del soggetto collettivo. Solo all’esito di un siffatto giudizio sembra infatti possibile pervenire, in termini di accertamento processuale, sia all’estraneità all’illecito del soggetto collettivo che, eventualmente, al riconoscimento della sua responsabilità. Perché possa riconoscersi un’autonoma e compiuta responsabilità dell’ente è perciò fondamentale rifuggire da automatismi in applicazione dei quali la condotta di un esponente infedele della società finisca col travolgere l’intera organizzazione.
Controlli di prevenzione e responsabilità dell’Ente / Geraci, Marianna. - (2019 Apr 17).
Controlli di prevenzione e responsabilità dell’Ente
2019-04-17
Abstract
The subject investigated with the present study is represented by the rules governing the corporate criminal liability with a particular focus on the system of controls for the prevention of crimes within the corporations provided by the Legislative Decree No. 231/2001. The research activity – which starts from the identification of the issues that corporate controls presents – develops through a recognition of the relationships, within the context of the corporate governance, between the actors of the crime-prevention system (in particular, the Supervisory Body) and others corporate bodies. It was found, on the one hand, how the proliferation of controls has led to the multiplication of responsibilities (especially the criminal ones) and, on the other, that such a scenario hinders a full achievement and development of the corporate criminal liability discipline. Indeed, judicial evaluations about the ability of the legal persons to organize - adequately and according to the rules set out in the afore-mentioned Decree – their crime-prevention systems have often revealed insensitive to the corporations’ efforts (also from an economic point a view) to provide themselves with a “virtuous” control system. In closing, the aspect which needs to be pointed out is referred to the need to construct a judgment of fault established in accordance with the constitutional principles in criminal matters, which also takes into account elements such as the behavior of the corporation (that should be understood as “aggregate”) and its concrete capacities and possibilities to control the fact. Only in the light of such judgment it does seem possible to reach, in terms of assessment performed by the Judge during a criminal proceeding, the deniability of the legal entity or, where appropriate, the recognition of its liability. In order to define an autonomous criminal responsibility of the legal persons, it is therefore essential to avoid automatic mechanisms by means of which the behavior of an unfaithful representative of the company overwhelms the entire organization.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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