Causes of hydrogeological instability are to be associated with various factors, related to direct and indirect human action. Growing anthropization and invasive urbanization are causes of the irreversible process of soil consumption. Over the decades there has been a slow and gradual climate change that has strongly affected the rainfall regime. If on the one side desertification is occurring due to increasingly frequent drought events, on the other side, very intense rainfall phenomena occur. This change also affects the coasts, causing sea level rise and extreme events with consequent flooding and erosion. The impact of waves on the coasts produces disastrous effects for humans and the environment. Protection works, very often, are insufficient to counteract the violent action of wave motion. There are phenomena such as run-up and overtopping, with consequent flooding and damage to the population and infrastructure. The extent of storm surges and the frequency with which they occur strongly affect the coastal erosion process. Considering floods and storm surges as separate events, there are devastating effects that affect the vulnerability of the territory. But when the phenomena occur concurrently, the degree of alert is maximum. Areas near sea have a very high population density, due to the concentration of economic and productive activities. The concomitance of flood events and storm surges requires a particularly high level of attention. In the literature, the contemporaneity of events is studied as result of a compound event, obtained by combining factors. The analysis of river levels is possible when the flow of watercourses is constantly monitored. This argument concerns the coastal territories of the whole world but in Calabria it assumes different characteristics. The geographic exposure to the winds of Scirocco, Libeccio, Grecale and Mistral and the presence of small hydrographic basins, contribute to the formation of alarming concomitant events. The main waterways are the "fiumare". They have a torrential hydrological character that favors the formation of floods in a short time. The problem of coastal flooding in Calabria is addressed by studying the causes and triggering conditions. The analysis was carried out using 3 databases. The first was provided by the CNR-IRPI of Cosenza and includes all the hydrogeological events that affected Calabria, from 1979 to 2018. In the first phase, the floods, dates and flooded streams were identified. To ascertain the contemporaneity of the events, the storm surges were studied, processing the data present in the second database, provided by the MeteOcean group of the University of Genoa and applying Boccotti’s theory. 708 concomitant events were identified out of 819 floods. Last phase of the study involved analysis of meteorological parameters. 18 coastal municipalities have been chosen: 11 along the Ionian area and 7 along the Tyrrhenian. The rainfall intensities of the concurrent events were determined. The third database, provided by Arpacal's Multi-Risk Functional Center, was exploited. Rain intensities and maximum significant heights were related to atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and temperature. The analysis was carried out using the principal components (Principal Component Analysis). To the new variables, multiple linear regression model was applied. 4 important formulations (2 for the Ionian coast and 2 for the Tyrrhenian coast) for the prediction of contemporary events have been obtained. Considering the territorial peculiarities and climatic conditions, the results obtained provide a useful planning and protection tool for local administrations.

Le cause del dissesto idrogeologico sono da associare a diversi fattori, legati all'azione diretta e indiretta dell’uomo. La crescente antropizzazione e l'urbanizzazione invasiva sono le cause del processo irreversibile di consumo del suolo. Nel corso dei decenni si è assistito a un cambiamento climatico lento e graduale che ha fortemente condizionato il regime delle piogge. Se da un lato si sta assistendo alla desertificazione a causa di siccità sempre più frequenti, dall'altro si verificano fenomeni di pioggia molto intensi. Questo cambiamento interessa anche le coste, provocando l’innalzamento del livello del mare ed eventi estremi con conseguenti inondazioni ed erosione. L'impatto delle onde sulle coste produce effetti disastrosi per l'uomo e l'ambiente. Le opere di protezione, molto spesso, sono insufficienti per contrastare l'azione violenta del moto ondoso. Si verificano fenomeni come run-up e overtopping, con conseguenti inondazioni e danni alla popolazione e alle infrastrutture. L'entità delle mareggiate e la frequenza con cui si manifestano, influenzano fortemente il processo di erosione costiera. Considerando le inondazioni e le mareggiate come eventi separati, si registrano effetti devastanti che incidono sulla vulnerabilità del territorio. Ma quando i fenomeni si verificano contemporaneamente, il grado di allerta è massimo. Le aree a ridosso del mare presentano una densità abitativa molto alta dovuta alla concentrazione di attività economiche e produttive. La concomitanza di eventi alluvionali e di mareggiate, impone un livello di attenzione particolarmente elevato. In letteratura la contemporaneità degli eventi è studiata come risultante di un evento composto, dato dalla combinazione di fattori che causano impatti significativi. L’esame dei livelli idrici dei fiumi è possibile quando la portata dei corsi d’acqua è costantemente monitorabile. Tale argomento interessa i territori costieri di tutto il mondo ma in Calabria assume dei connotati diversi. L’esposizione geografica ai venti di Scirocco, Libeccio, Grecale e Maestrale e la presenza di piccoli bacini idrografici, concorrono alla formazione di eventi concomitanti preoccupanti. I principali corsi d'acqua sono le "fiumare". Hanno un carattere idrologico torrentizio che favorisce la formazione di piene in breve tempo. Il problema delle esondazioni e delle inondazioni costiere in Calabria, può essere affrontato studiandone le cause e le condizioni scatenanti. L’analisi è stata effettuata ricorrendo a 3 databases. Il primo è stato fornito dal CNR-IRPI di Cosenza e include tutti gli eventi di dissesto idrogeologico che hanno interessato la Calabria, dal 1979 al 2018. In una prima fase sono state individuate le alluvioni, le date e i torrenti esondati. Per accertare la contemporaneità degli eventi sono state studiate le mareggiate, elaborando i dati presenti nel secondo database, fornito dal gruppo MeteOcean dell’Università di Genova ed applicando la teoria del Prof. Boccotti. Su 819 alluvioni sono stati individuati 708 eventi concomitanti. L’ultima fase dello studio ha riguardato l’analisi dei parametri meteorologici. Sono stati scelti 18 comuni costieri: 11 lungo la fascia ionica e 7 lungo la tirrenica. Sono state determinate le intensità di pioggia degli eventi concomitanti, facendo ricorso al terzo database, fornito dal Centro Funzionale Multirischi dell’Arpacal. Tali intensità e le altezze significative massime delle mareggiate sono state relazionate con la pressione atmosferica, l’umidità relativa, la velocità del vento e la temperatura. L’analisi è stata effettuata mediante le componenti principali (Principal Component Analysis) e alle nuove variabili, è stato applicato il modello della regressione lineare multipla. Sono state individuate 4 formulazioni importanti (2 per la fascia ionica e 2 per la fascia tirrenica) ai fini della previsione degli eventi contemporanei. Considerate le peculiarità territoriali e le condizioni climatiche, i risultati ottenuti forniscono un utile strumento di pianificazione e protezione alle amministrazioni locali.

Analisi delle condizioni che generano contemporaneità di eventi alluvionali e mareggiate in Calabria / Canale, Caterina. - (2021 Apr 28).

Analisi delle condizioni che generano contemporaneità di eventi alluvionali e mareggiate in Calabria

2021-04-28

Abstract

Causes of hydrogeological instability are to be associated with various factors, related to direct and indirect human action. Growing anthropization and invasive urbanization are causes of the irreversible process of soil consumption. Over the decades there has been a slow and gradual climate change that has strongly affected the rainfall regime. If on the one side desertification is occurring due to increasingly frequent drought events, on the other side, very intense rainfall phenomena occur. This change also affects the coasts, causing sea level rise and extreme events with consequent flooding and erosion. The impact of waves on the coasts produces disastrous effects for humans and the environment. Protection works, very often, are insufficient to counteract the violent action of wave motion. There are phenomena such as run-up and overtopping, with consequent flooding and damage to the population and infrastructure. The extent of storm surges and the frequency with which they occur strongly affect the coastal erosion process. Considering floods and storm surges as separate events, there are devastating effects that affect the vulnerability of the territory. But when the phenomena occur concurrently, the degree of alert is maximum. Areas near sea have a very high population density, due to the concentration of economic and productive activities. The concomitance of flood events and storm surges requires a particularly high level of attention. In the literature, the contemporaneity of events is studied as result of a compound event, obtained by combining factors. The analysis of river levels is possible when the flow of watercourses is constantly monitored. This argument concerns the coastal territories of the whole world but in Calabria it assumes different characteristics. The geographic exposure to the winds of Scirocco, Libeccio, Grecale and Mistral and the presence of small hydrographic basins, contribute to the formation of alarming concomitant events. The main waterways are the "fiumare". They have a torrential hydrological character that favors the formation of floods in a short time. The problem of coastal flooding in Calabria is addressed by studying the causes and triggering conditions. The analysis was carried out using 3 databases. The first was provided by the CNR-IRPI of Cosenza and includes all the hydrogeological events that affected Calabria, from 1979 to 2018. In the first phase, the floods, dates and flooded streams were identified. To ascertain the contemporaneity of the events, the storm surges were studied, processing the data present in the second database, provided by the MeteOcean group of the University of Genoa and applying Boccotti’s theory. 708 concomitant events were identified out of 819 floods. Last phase of the study involved analysis of meteorological parameters. 18 coastal municipalities have been chosen: 11 along the Ionian area and 7 along the Tyrrhenian. The rainfall intensities of the concurrent events were determined. The third database, provided by Arpacal's Multi-Risk Functional Center, was exploited. Rain intensities and maximum significant heights were related to atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and temperature. The analysis was carried out using the principal components (Principal Component Analysis). To the new variables, multiple linear regression model was applied. 4 important formulations (2 for the Ionian coast and 2 for the Tyrrhenian coast) for the prediction of contemporary events have been obtained. Considering the territorial peculiarities and climatic conditions, the results obtained provide a useful planning and protection tool for local administrations.
28-apr-2021
BARBARO, Giuseppe
ARENA, Felice
Doctoral Thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12318/105681
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