Beer stands as the world's most widely consumed alcoholic beverage, with a notable surge in the proliferation of craft breweries in recent years. In today's market consumers are on a constant quest for health-conscious, high-quality products, amid an ever-expanding array of choices. This surge in demand has prompted craft breweries to innovate by experimenting with diverse grains, both raw and malted, and elevating beer flavors and aromas through the addition of fruits, spices, and more. The primary objective of this research is to bolster the regional beer production chain. This research centers on the study of indigenous hops and the development of novel analytical methodologies for profiling, which encompass bioactive constituents that define the health aspects, sensory characteristics, and toxicological considerations related to potential contaminants in craft beers. In the exploration of indigenous hops, a preliminary study was undertaken at the UNIRC Soil Laboratory, involving soil analyses, chemical-physical assessments, enzymatic parameters, and the establishment of a dedicated cultivation area. Subsequently, at the Research Institute of Brewing and Malting (RIBM) in Prague (Czech Republic), native hops from Calabria and commercially grown hops in the region were characterized from a phytochemical perspective. Concurrently, innovative analytical protocols were forged at the FoCuSs UNIRC Laboratory to monitor the chemical, toxicological, and aromatic profiles of specially crafted beers in collaboration with the Technology Hall of Wilde Orange srl, a project partner in support of this doctoral research (ARS01_582 - E-Brewery). As a final model of our work, we conducted comparative analyses of various lager-style beer samples using bio-mimetic systems, differentiating the aromatic profiles achieved by employing both native and non-native hops. In particular, nutraceutical studies on autochthonous hops revealed significant potential in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, suggesting that these underrated cultivars could innovate the brewing industry with new functional ingredients, thereby enhancing the regional "terroir." In the production of craft beers, the importance of considering the product type, addition phase, and diversification of raw materials emerged, with significant influences of hops, malt, and flavoring ingredients on the analyzed indicators. The application of biomimetic and optical systems demonstrated non-destructive methods with potential applications in brewing production, yielding distinctive results in the evaluation of beer characteristics, including the discrimination between styles and types. A novel analytical protocol for the simultaneous identification of over thirty polyphenols indicated the presence of nutraceutical compounds, revealing potential applications for improving taste, flavor, and preventing food fraud. The developed method for aromatic fingerprinting, using HS-SPME extraction and chromatographic techniques coupled with GC/MS and GC-QTOF/MS, confirmed that the presence of flavoring ingredients significantly influences the aromatic discrimination of the final product. The LC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxins method was identified as a useful tool for a comprehensive screening of mycotoxins in craft beer. The final working model involved creating a lager-style beer enriched with various hops, including native Calabrian varieties. The objective was to assess, through biomimetic systems, the aromatic differences between the various samples. This multidisciplinary approach contributes to understanding and innovating in craft beer production.

La birra è la bevanda alcolica più consumata al mondo, con un notevole aumento nella proliferazione di birrifici artigianali negli ultimi anni. Nel mercato odierno, i consumatori sono alla costante ricerca di prodotti salutari e di alta qualità, in una gamma di scelte in continua espansione. Questo aumento della domanda ha spinto i birrifici artigianali a innovarsi sperimentando diversi cereali, sia crudi che maltati, ed esaltando i sapori e gli aromi della birra attraverso l’aggiunta di frutta, spezie e altro ancora. L’obiettivo primario di questa ricerca è rafforzare la filiera regionale della produzione della birra. Questa ricerca è incentrata sullo studio del luppolo indigeno e sullo sviluppo di nuove metodologie analitiche per la profilazione, che comprendono componenti bioattivi che definiscono gli aspetti sanitari, le caratteristiche sensoriali e le considerazioni tossicologiche relative ai potenziali contaminanti nelle birre artigianali. Nell'esplorazione del luppolo autoctono è stato effettuato uno studio preliminare presso il laboratorio suoli dell'UNIRC, prevedendo analisi del suolo, valutazioni chimico-fisiche, parametri enzimatici e la costituzione di un'area di coltivazione dedicata. Successivamente, presso l’Istituto di ricerca sulla produzione della birra e sul malto (RIBM) di Praga (Repubblica Ceca), il luppolo autoctono calabrese e quello coltivato a fini commerciali nella regione sono stati caratterizzati da un punto di vista fitochimico. Allo stesso tempo, presso il Laboratorio FoCuSs UNIRC sono stati messi a punto protocolli analitici innovativi per monitorare i profili chimici, tossicologici e aromatici di birre appositamente realizzate in collaborazione con la Technology Hall di Wilde Orange srl, partner del progetto a sostegno di questa ricerca di dottorato (ARS01_582 - E -Birrificio). Come modello finale del nostro lavoro, abbiamo condotto analisi comparative di vari campioni di birra in stile lager utilizzando sistemi biomimetici, differenziando i profili aromatici ottenuti utilizzando luppoli sia nativi che non nativi. In particolare, gli studi nutraceutici sui luppoli calabresi hanno rivelato un significativo potenziale in termini di proprietà antiossidanti e antimicrobiche, suggerendo che queste cultivar sottovalutate potrebbero innovare l'industria birraria con nuovi ingredienti funzionali, potenziando così il "terroir" regionale. Nella produzione di birre artigianali, è emersa l'importanza di considerare il tipo di prodotto, la fase di aggiunta e la diversificazione delle materie prime, con influenze significative di luppolo, malto e ingredienti aromatici sugli indicatori analizzati. L'applicazione di sistemi biomimetici e ottici ha dimostrato metodi non distruttivi con potenziali applicazioni nella produzione birraria, fornendo risultati distintivi nella valutazione delle caratteristiche della birra, inclusa la discriminazione tra stili e tipi. Un nuovo protocollo analitico per l'identificazione simultanea di oltre trenta polifenoli ha indicato la presenza di composti nutraceutici, rivelando potenziali applicazioni per migliorare gusto, sapore e prevenire frodi alimentari. Il metodo sviluppato per l'impronta aromatica, mediante estrazione HS-SPME e tecniche cromatografiche abbinate a GC/MS e GC-QTOF/MS, ha confermato che la presenza di ingredienti aromatici influenza significativamente la discriminazione aromatica del prodotto finale. Il metodo LC-MS/MS multi-micotossine è stato identificato come uno strumento utile per uno screening completo delle micotossine nella birra artigianale. Il modello di lavoro finale ha coinvolto la creazione di una birra in stile lager arricchita con vari luppoli, compresi quelli autoctoni della Calabria. L'obiettivo era valutare, attraverso sistemi biomimetici, le differenze aromatiche tra i diversi campioni. Questo approccio multidisciplinare contribuisce a comprendere e innovare nella produzione di birra artigianale.

Development of new analytical protocols for chemical-compositional and toxicological fingerprinting of fermented beverages and related raw materials in a context of sustainability in the brewing world of craft beers / Andronaco, Pietro. - (2024 Mar 20).

Development of new analytical protocols for chemical-compositional and toxicological fingerprinting of fermented beverages and related raw materials in a context of sustainability in the brewing world of craft beers

Andronaco, Pietro
2024-03-20

Abstract

Beer stands as the world's most widely consumed alcoholic beverage, with a notable surge in the proliferation of craft breweries in recent years. In today's market consumers are on a constant quest for health-conscious, high-quality products, amid an ever-expanding array of choices. This surge in demand has prompted craft breweries to innovate by experimenting with diverse grains, both raw and malted, and elevating beer flavors and aromas through the addition of fruits, spices, and more. The primary objective of this research is to bolster the regional beer production chain. This research centers on the study of indigenous hops and the development of novel analytical methodologies for profiling, which encompass bioactive constituents that define the health aspects, sensory characteristics, and toxicological considerations related to potential contaminants in craft beers. In the exploration of indigenous hops, a preliminary study was undertaken at the UNIRC Soil Laboratory, involving soil analyses, chemical-physical assessments, enzymatic parameters, and the establishment of a dedicated cultivation area. Subsequently, at the Research Institute of Brewing and Malting (RIBM) in Prague (Czech Republic), native hops from Calabria and commercially grown hops in the region were characterized from a phytochemical perspective. Concurrently, innovative analytical protocols were forged at the FoCuSs UNIRC Laboratory to monitor the chemical, toxicological, and aromatic profiles of specially crafted beers in collaboration with the Technology Hall of Wilde Orange srl, a project partner in support of this doctoral research (ARS01_582 - E-Brewery). As a final model of our work, we conducted comparative analyses of various lager-style beer samples using bio-mimetic systems, differentiating the aromatic profiles achieved by employing both native and non-native hops. In particular, nutraceutical studies on autochthonous hops revealed significant potential in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, suggesting that these underrated cultivars could innovate the brewing industry with new functional ingredients, thereby enhancing the regional "terroir." In the production of craft beers, the importance of considering the product type, addition phase, and diversification of raw materials emerged, with significant influences of hops, malt, and flavoring ingredients on the analyzed indicators. The application of biomimetic and optical systems demonstrated non-destructive methods with potential applications in brewing production, yielding distinctive results in the evaluation of beer characteristics, including the discrimination between styles and types. A novel analytical protocol for the simultaneous identification of over thirty polyphenols indicated the presence of nutraceutical compounds, revealing potential applications for improving taste, flavor, and preventing food fraud. The developed method for aromatic fingerprinting, using HS-SPME extraction and chromatographic techniques coupled with GC/MS and GC-QTOF/MS, confirmed that the presence of flavoring ingredients significantly influences the aromatic discrimination of the final product. The LC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxins method was identified as a useful tool for a comprehensive screening of mycotoxins in craft beer. The final working model involved creating a lager-style beer enriched with various hops, including native Calabrian varieties. The objective was to assess, through biomimetic systems, the aromatic differences between the various samples. This multidisciplinary approach contributes to understanding and innovating in craft beer production.
20-mar-2024
Settore AGR/13 - CHIMICA AGRARIA
Settore CHIM/10 - CHIMICA DEGLI ALIMENTI
MUSCOLO, Adele Maria
RUSSO, Mariateresa
SCHENA, Leonardo
Doctoral Thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12318/144550
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