This essay examines the use of art as a propaganda tool in twentieth-century totalitarian regimes, highlighting how Fascism, Soviet Communism, and Nazism shaped the collective imagination through different strategies. The first two regimes, in their initial phases, supported the figurative avant-garde, later favouring monumentalism and classicism as tools for consolidating power. Nazism, on the other hand, systematically repressed experimentation, branding it “degenerate art.” This study, which in its extended form examines over one hundred iconographies, analyses the “furious” component of the propagandistic image through the symbolic reference to the Furies, primordial forces of violence and justice. By revisiting works from the Italian twenty-year period, Soviet art, and National Socialism, the essay demonstrates the transition from initial iconoclasm to a servile, reiterative, and increasingly functional aesthetic of power. These aesthetic features reassuring language, idealized figures, paternalistic leaders, harmonious families, and symbols of work, fertility, and order. Although democratic constitutions have distanced themselves from totalitarianism, references to regime iconography persist in some sectors of contemporary politics, revealing the paradoxical tension inherent in an uncritical cult of images that were originally based on an iconoclastic aesthetic.
Questo saggio prende in esame l’uso dell’arte come strumento di propaganda nei regimi totalitari del Novecento, evidenziando come fascismo, comunismo sovietico e nazismo abbiano orientato l’immaginario collettivo attraverso strategie differenti. I primi due regimi, nelle fasi iniziali, sostennero le avanguardie figurative, per poi privilegiare monumentalismo e classicismo come strumenti per il consolidamento del potere; il nazismo, invece, represse sistematicamente le sperimentazioni, bollandole come “arte degenerata”. Questo studio, che nella sua forma estesa prende in considerazione oltre cento iconografie, analizza la componente “furiosa” dell’immagine propagandistica attraverso il riferimento simbolico alle Furie, forze primordiali di violenza e giustizia. Tramite il ridisegno di alcune opere del ventennio italiano, dell’arte sovietica e del nazionalsocialismo, il saggio mostra il passaggio dall’iconoclastia iniziale a un’estetica servente, reiterativa e sempre più funzionale al potere, in cui emergono linguaggi rassicuranti, figure idealizzate, leader paternalistici, famiglie armoniose e simboli di lavoro, fertilità e ordine. Nonostante le Costituzioni democratiche abbiano preso le distanze dai totalitarismi, il richiamo alle iconografie di regime persiste in alcuni settori della politica contemporanea, rivelando la tensione paradossale insita in un culto acritico di immagini che, originariamente, si basavano su un’estetica iconoclasta.
Iconoclasti e iconòduli. Il disegno furioso nei regimi autoritari Iconoclasts and Iconodules. Furious Drawing in Authoritarian Regimes / Colistra, D.. - (2026), pp. 2891-2906. (47° CONVEGNO INTERNAZIONALE DEI DOCENTI DELLE DISCIPLINE DELLA RAPPRESENTAZIONE CONGRESSO DELLA UNIONE ITALIANA PER IL DISEGNO. 47° INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF REPRESENTATION DISCIPLINES TEACHERS CONGRESS OF UNIONE ITALIANA PER IL DISEGNO Ferrara 10-12 settembre 2026).
Iconoclasti e iconòduli. Il disegno furioso nei regimi autoritari Iconoclasts and Iconodules. Furious Drawing in Authoritarian Regimes
Daniele Colistra
2026-01-01
Abstract
This essay examines the use of art as a propaganda tool in twentieth-century totalitarian regimes, highlighting how Fascism, Soviet Communism, and Nazism shaped the collective imagination through different strategies. The first two regimes, in their initial phases, supported the figurative avant-garde, later favouring monumentalism and classicism as tools for consolidating power. Nazism, on the other hand, systematically repressed experimentation, branding it “degenerate art.” This study, which in its extended form examines over one hundred iconographies, analyses the “furious” component of the propagandistic image through the symbolic reference to the Furies, primordial forces of violence and justice. By revisiting works from the Italian twenty-year period, Soviet art, and National Socialism, the essay demonstrates the transition from initial iconoclasm to a servile, reiterative, and increasingly functional aesthetic of power. These aesthetic features reassuring language, idealized figures, paternalistic leaders, harmonious families, and symbols of work, fertility, and order. Although democratic constitutions have distanced themselves from totalitarianism, references to regime iconography persist in some sectors of contemporary politics, revealing the paradoxical tension inherent in an uncritical cult of images that were originally based on an iconoclastic aesthetic.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


