In the last years a renewed interest on the topic of brutalist architecture has emerged, becoming an important reflection on the intense architectural production that has built the modernity of the cities in Yugoslavia. The paper is part of this debate, starting with a specific contribution on the city of Skopje, the capital of North Macedonia, taken as a case study of a research that is divided into two parts: OPERATIVE ATLAS and 99FILES Balkan Brutalism. The ATLAS is configured as a first organic study of 15 architectures, built in Skopje after the earthquake, which reveals a heritage of ideas and experiments capable of expressing the urban dimension and identity of the new city, reconstructed on the Plan (1965) by Kenzo Tange. The second part is dedicated to the 99FILES – research, call, exhibition - as an interdisciplinary observatory, a complex and innovative research that develops different points of observation of the Brutalism heritage in the Balkan area. It is a project that brings together the work of 109 international architects. The materials have been exposed in an international exhibition, conceived and curated by the authors (Tornatora and Baikovski) held at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Skopje in June 2018, merged into a Digital Archive. The idea is to stimulate a different perspective on brutalist architecture in the Balkans, to free it from the negative connotations of ideological legacies, and to trace different interpretations of an important phase in the history of architectural thought. Both projects aim to become a tool for rethinking Brutalism, as well as to develop a reflection from which to learn how to deepen the knowledge of the architectural production of the 60s and 70s. This different vision becomes fundamental for Skopje, where the architectural and cultural heritage, built after the earthquake of 1963, has always been marginalised and is now in danger of being erased. By overcoming ideological barriers, it is possible to re-read other modernities that have characterised Balkan architecture and to reassign what is now perceived as an unloved heritage (Mrduljaš, M., Kulić, V. 2012), a familiarity in the urban physiognomy.
Alla luce di un rinnovato interesse per l'architettura brutalista, si apre una riflessione su quella intensa produzione architettonica che ha costruito la modernità delle città della Jugoslavia. Il contributo si inserisce in questo dibattito, assumendo la città di Skopje, capitale della Macedonia del Nord come caso studio di una ricerca che si articola in due parti: ATLANTE OPERANTE e 99FILES Balkan Brutalism. L’ATLANTE si configura come un primo studio organico su 15 architetture realizzate a Skopje dopo il terremoto del 1963, che rivela un patrimonio di idee e sperimentazioni capaci di esprimere la dimensione e l’identità urbana della nuova città, ricostruita sul Piano (1965) di Kenzo Tange. 99FILES – ricerca, call, mostra – è concepita come un osservatorio interdisciplinare sul patrimonio brutalista, per ampliare la conoscenza di una ricca produzione architettonica, marginalizzata dalla cultura occidentale. L’idea è quella di stimolare, attraverso la call internazionale e la mostra, ideata e curata dagli autori (Tornatora e Bajkovski), svoltasi nel 2018 presso il Museo Nazionale di Arte Contemporanea MoCa di Skopje, un diverso punto di osservazione delle architetture moderniste e brutaliste balcaniche, per liberarle dalla connotazione negativa che i retaggi ideologici hanno comportato e tracciare differenti direzioni interpretative di un’importante fase della storia del pensiero architettonico. Tutti i contributi, oltre a essere stati esposti nella mostra al Museo di Arte Contemporanea, sono confluiti in un Digital Archive. Entrambi le ricerche mirano a sviluppare un ripensamento sul Brutalismo, proponendo un approfondimento sulla produzione architettonica degli anni '60 e '70. Questa diversa visione e attenzione diventa fondamentale per Skopje, dove il patrimonio architettonico e culturale, costruito dopo il terremoto del 1963, è stato emarginato e rischia oggi di essere cancellato dai recenti interventi urbani. Superando le barriere ideologiche, è possibile rileggere altre modernità che hanno caratterizzato l’architettura balcanica e riassegnare a quello che oggi è percepito come un patrimonio non amato (Mrduljaš, M., Kulić, V. 2012), una familiarità nella fisionomia urbana.
99FILES, OPERATIVE ATLAS_device for contemporary Balkan City / Tornatora, M.; Bajkovski, B.. - In: URBAN DESIGN INTERNATIONAL. - ISSN 1357-5317. - 1:(2022). [10.1057/s41289-020-00120-y]
99FILES, OPERATIVE ATLAS_device for contemporary Balkan City
Tornatora M.
;
2022-01-01
Abstract
In the last years a renewed interest on the topic of brutalist architecture has emerged, becoming an important reflection on the intense architectural production that has built the modernity of the cities in Yugoslavia. The paper is part of this debate, starting with a specific contribution on the city of Skopje, the capital of North Macedonia, taken as a case study of a research that is divided into two parts: OPERATIVE ATLAS and 99FILES Balkan Brutalism. The ATLAS is configured as a first organic study of 15 architectures, built in Skopje after the earthquake, which reveals a heritage of ideas and experiments capable of expressing the urban dimension and identity of the new city, reconstructed on the Plan (1965) by Kenzo Tange. The second part is dedicated to the 99FILES – research, call, exhibition - as an interdisciplinary observatory, a complex and innovative research that develops different points of observation of the Brutalism heritage in the Balkan area. It is a project that brings together the work of 109 international architects. The materials have been exposed in an international exhibition, conceived and curated by the authors (Tornatora and Baikovski) held at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Skopje in June 2018, merged into a Digital Archive. The idea is to stimulate a different perspective on brutalist architecture in the Balkans, to free it from the negative connotations of ideological legacies, and to trace different interpretations of an important phase in the history of architectural thought. Both projects aim to become a tool for rethinking Brutalism, as well as to develop a reflection from which to learn how to deepen the knowledge of the architectural production of the 60s and 70s. This different vision becomes fundamental for Skopje, where the architectural and cultural heritage, built after the earthquake of 1963, has always been marginalised and is now in danger of being erased. By overcoming ideological barriers, it is possible to re-read other modernities that have characterised Balkan architecture and to reassign what is now perceived as an unloved heritage (Mrduljaš, M., Kulić, V. 2012), a familiarity in the urban physiognomy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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