Short-term evaluation of soil physical, chemical and biochemical properties in an abandoned cropland treated with different soil organic amendments under semiarid conditions

This study evaluate the effects of four organic soil amendments on soil. Physical, chemical and biochemical properties were compared to untreated and natural (not cultivated) soils in a semiarid region (Andalusia, Spain). A large set of physical, chemical biochemical properties and, the composition of bacterial communities; and overall soil quality index (SQI) were evaluated on soils treated with organic soil amendments of animal origin (compost from sheep and cow manure [CS] or chicken manure, [CK], vegetal origin (greenhouse crop residues [CC]), and vermicompost (CV). Immediately after application, the animal origin compost significantly increased pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total nitrogen (TN) as well as the enzymatic activities associated with the carbon (C) cycle but decreased the richness and evenness of bacterial communities. After 3 months of treatment, all measured properties recovered except for EC, TN and dehydrogenase activity (whose increase was stable over time), as did bacterial richness, which remained lower. The vegetal-originating compost increased EC and pH whereas the other effects were not significant throughout the monitoring period. CV application did not affect soil properties. The SQI was the highest for soils treated with CK compost, both immediately after application and over time. The soil treatments with the other organic amendments did not result in a significantly different SQI over time compared to both untreated and natural sites.