The research being conducted has as its reference the thought of Paul Ricoeur, one of the greatest French philosophers and thinkers of the 20th century. The central pivot of the present work is the subject and its constitutive and inescapable relationship with the Other in its multiple forms ; Other to be understood as stranger, as neighbour, as each, as self. In particular, we have chosen to consider the fourth and final chapter, which focuses on the incessant dialectic between Love and Justice and the States of Peace : Philia (in the Aristotelian sense), Eros (in the Platonic sense) and Agape (in the Biblical and post-Biblical sense). Agape would seem to reject a priori the idea of mutual recognition insofar as the generous practice of giving, at least in its original form, neither requires nor expects any gift in return. Agape makes it possible to go beyond the logic of equivalence and calculation and causes man to make the first gesture of generous gift and ignore the obligation to reciprocate by following the logic of the gift economy characterised, as Hénaff writes, by the logic of the priceless, which is detached from that of justice regulated by equivalence ; part of the study in the fourth and final chapter is devoted to the French philosopher’s conception of socius and neighbour as explored in Histoire et Vérité, and to other categories of otherness such as that of the stranger and the faceless individual. Ricoeur argues that in the different contexts of social, economic and political life, making room for gratuitousness makes it possible to greatly improve human relations and to untie the difficult conflictual knots generated by the pursuit of profit and the desire to overpower the other. Reciprocity between individuals is thus understood as an essential condition of the modern conception of human rights and as the foundation of dignity, peaceful coexistence, legitimacy, justice, freedom and equality.
La ricerca condotta ha come riferimento il pensiero di Paul Ricoeur, uno dei maggiori filosofi e pensatori francesi del Novecento. Snodo centrale del presente lavoro è il soggetto e la sua costitutiva e imprescindibile relazione con l’Altro nelle sue molteplici forme ; altro da intendere come estraneo, come prossimo, come ciascuno, come sé stesso. In particolar modo, si è scelto di prendere in considerazione il quarto e ultimo capitolo della ricerca che si incentra sull’in¬cessante dialettica tra Amore e Giustizia e sugli Stati di pace : Philia (in senso aristotelico), Eros (in senso platonico) e Agape (in senso biblico e postbiblico). Agape sembrerebbe rifiutare a priori l’idea di mutuo riconoscimento nella misura in cui la pratica generosa del dono, per lo meno nella sua forma originale, non richiede né si aspetta alcun dono in restituzione. L’Agape consente di oltrepassare la logica dell’equivalenza e del calcolo e fa sì che l’uomo operi il primo gesto del dono generoso e ignori l’obbligo di contraccambiare seguendo la logica dell’eco¬nomia del dono caratterizzata, come scrive Hénaff, dalla logica del senza prezzo, la quale si distacca da quella della giustizia regolata dall’equivalenza ; una parte dello studio del quarto e ultimo capitolo è dedicata alla concezione di socius e di prossimo approfondita dal filosofo francese in Histoire et Vérité e ad altre categorie di alterità come quella dello straniero e del ciascuno senza volto. Ricoeur sostiene come nei diversi contesti della vita sociale, economica e politica fare posto alla gra¬tuità consenta di migliorare notevolmente i rapporti umani e di sciogliere i difficili nodi conflittuali generati dalla ricerca dell’utile e dalla volontà di sopraffazione dell’altro. La reciprocità tra gli individui dunque viene intesa come condizione essenziale della moderna concezione dei diritti umani e come fondamento della dignità, della coesistenza pacifica, della legittimità, della giustizia, della libertà e dell’uguaglianza.
UN MODELLO DI SOCIETÀ FONDATO SUL PRINCIPIO DELLA RECIPROCITÀ / Siclari, Elena. - In: DOCTORAL ABSTRACTS. - ISSN 2608-2403. - 4(2023), pp. 175-206.
UN MODELLO DI SOCIETÀ FONDATO SUL PRINCIPIO DELLA RECIPROCITÀ
Siclari Elena
2023-01-01
Abstract
The research being conducted has as its reference the thought of Paul Ricoeur, one of the greatest French philosophers and thinkers of the 20th century. The central pivot of the present work is the subject and its constitutive and inescapable relationship with the Other in its multiple forms ; Other to be understood as stranger, as neighbour, as each, as self. In particular, we have chosen to consider the fourth and final chapter, which focuses on the incessant dialectic between Love and Justice and the States of Peace : Philia (in the Aristotelian sense), Eros (in the Platonic sense) and Agape (in the Biblical and post-Biblical sense). Agape would seem to reject a priori the idea of mutual recognition insofar as the generous practice of giving, at least in its original form, neither requires nor expects any gift in return. Agape makes it possible to go beyond the logic of equivalence and calculation and causes man to make the first gesture of generous gift and ignore the obligation to reciprocate by following the logic of the gift economy characterised, as Hénaff writes, by the logic of the priceless, which is detached from that of justice regulated by equivalence ; part of the study in the fourth and final chapter is devoted to the French philosopher’s conception of socius and neighbour as explored in Histoire et Vérité, and to other categories of otherness such as that of the stranger and the faceless individual. Ricoeur argues that in the different contexts of social, economic and political life, making room for gratuitousness makes it possible to greatly improve human relations and to untie the difficult conflictual knots generated by the pursuit of profit and the desire to overpower the other. Reciprocity between individuals is thus understood as an essential condition of the modern conception of human rights and as the foundation of dignity, peaceful coexistence, legitimacy, justice, freedom and equality.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.