City Logistics 4.0: a reconceptualization of the domain through a systematic literature review and an agenda for future research

This study explores the evolution of City Logistics 4.0 (CL4.0) by systematically review- ing the literature to provide a structured framework integrating management practices with technology and sustainability perspectives. Using the PRISMA methodology, a sci- entometric analysis of 899 Scopus-indexed papers reveals key research trends, authorship networks, and thematic developments. The findings highlight three core disciplinary per- spectives—logistics, technology, and sustainability—offering a unified definition of CL4.0 and outlining future research directions. Practical implications equip policymakers and logistics professionals with insights for implementing innovative technologies and sustain- able practices, paving the way for City Logistics 5.0.