Three Mediterranean shrubs, Phillyrea latifolia L. (phillyrea), Arbutus unedo L. (strawberry tree), and Laurus nobilis L. (laurel), differing in their morphological and ecological response to water shortage, were exposed for 90 days to 0 or 110 ppb of ozone (O3), 5 h each day. This yielded an accumulated exposure over of a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) of 31.5 ppm h over the 3 months experiment. These species showed differing responses to O3: laurel and phillyrea developed foliar chlorotic mottles on the adaxial surface of leaves, whereas strawberry tree leaves showed reddish interveinal stipple-like necrotic lesions. In all cases, however, foliar injury did not exceed 8% of the sampled leaf area. At the end of the exposure period, O3-induced stomatal limitation caused signi.cant decreases of net photosynthesis in strawberry tree and laurel, but not in phillyrea. The relative water content of the leaves was signi.cantly decreased by O3, especially in laurel and strawberry tree, suggesting the occurrence of drought stress. Electrical conductivity of leachates from foliar discs increased in response to the treatment, much more strongly in laurel and in strawberry tree than in phillyrea, suggesting an O3-dependent alteration of the membrane retention capacity. At the end of the experimental period, the activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of reduced glutathione, but not that of reduced ascorbate, were signi.cantly increased in the ozonated leaves of strawberry tree and phillyrea, but not in laurel. The evergreen broadleaves studied here maybe relatively tolerant to realistic O3 levels, at least in terms of visible injury and gas exchange. Such tolerance might overlap with their level of tolerance to drought stress. High constitutive levels, and/or O3-induced increases in antioxidants, might contribute to O3 tolerance in these Mediterranean evergreen broadleaf species.
Tre arbusti mediterranei, Ilatro (phillyrea latifolia L.) , Arbutus unedo L. (corbezzolo), alloro (Laurus nobilis L. ), diverse nella loro risposte morfologiche ed ecologiche alla carenza di acqua, sono stati esposti per 90 giorni a 0 o 110 ppb di ozono (O3), 5 ore ogni giorno. Questo produceva un’esposizione cumulata al di sopra di una soglia di 40 ppb (AOT40) di 31,5 ppm h nel periodo sperimentale di 3 mesi. Queste specie hanno mostrato diverse risposte di O3: alloro ed ilatro sviluppavano lesioni di tipo clorotico sulla faccia adassiale delle foglie, mentre le foglie di corbezzolo mostravano arrossamenti intervenali di tipo necrotico. In tutti i casi, tuttavia, il danno fogliare non eccedeva l' 8% della superficie fogliare del campione. Alla fine del periodo di esposizione, la limitazione stomatica causata dall’O3 causava decrementi significativi della fotosintesi netta sia nel corbezzolo che nell’alloro, ma non nell’ilatro. Il contenuto relativo di acqua delle foglie è significativamente diminuite dalla presenza di O3, in particolare in alloro e corbezzolo, suggerendo l’insorgenza di stress idrico in queste due specie. La conducibilità elettrica dei percolati ottenuti da dischi fogliari aumentava in risposta al trattamento, molto più fortemente in alloro e corbezzolo che in ilatro, suggerendo alterazione O3-indotta della capacità di membrana di contenimento dei soluti intracellulari. Alla fine del periodo di sperimentazione, le attività di superossido dismutasi ed il contenuto di glutatione ridotto, ma non quello di ascorbato ridotto, risultavano significativamente accresciute nelle fogolie ozonate di corbezzolo e di ilatro, ma non in quelle di alloro. Le latifoglie sempreverdi qui studiate potrebbero essere relativamente tolleranti a livelli realistici di O3, almeno in termini di danni visibili e scambi gassosi. Tale tolleranza coincidere con il loro livello di tolleranza alla siccità. Alti livelli costitutivi, e/o O3-indotti, di antiossidanti, potrebbero contribuire a alla tolleranza all’O3 in queste specie sempreverdi arbustive di tipo mediterraneo
Ecophysiological and biochemical strategies of response to ozone in Mediterranean evergreen broadleaf species / Nali, C.; Paoletti, E.; Marabottini, R.; DELLA ROCCA, G.; Lorenzini, G.; Paolacci, A. R.; Ciaffi, M.; Badiani, Maurizio. - In: ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT. - ISSN 1352-2310. - 38:(2004), pp. 2247-2257.
Ecophysiological and biochemical strategies of response to ozone in Mediterranean evergreen broadleaf species
BADIANI, Maurizio
2004-01-01
Abstract
Three Mediterranean shrubs, Phillyrea latifolia L. (phillyrea), Arbutus unedo L. (strawberry tree), and Laurus nobilis L. (laurel), differing in their morphological and ecological response to water shortage, were exposed for 90 days to 0 or 110 ppb of ozone (O3), 5 h each day. This yielded an accumulated exposure over of a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) of 31.5 ppm h over the 3 months experiment. These species showed differing responses to O3: laurel and phillyrea developed foliar chlorotic mottles on the adaxial surface of leaves, whereas strawberry tree leaves showed reddish interveinal stipple-like necrotic lesions. In all cases, however, foliar injury did not exceed 8% of the sampled leaf area. At the end of the exposure period, O3-induced stomatal limitation caused signi.cant decreases of net photosynthesis in strawberry tree and laurel, but not in phillyrea. The relative water content of the leaves was signi.cantly decreased by O3, especially in laurel and strawberry tree, suggesting the occurrence of drought stress. Electrical conductivity of leachates from foliar discs increased in response to the treatment, much more strongly in laurel and in strawberry tree than in phillyrea, suggesting an O3-dependent alteration of the membrane retention capacity. At the end of the experimental period, the activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of reduced glutathione, but not that of reduced ascorbate, were signi.cantly increased in the ozonated leaves of strawberry tree and phillyrea, but not in laurel. The evergreen broadleaves studied here maybe relatively tolerant to realistic O3 levels, at least in terms of visible injury and gas exchange. Such tolerance might overlap with their level of tolerance to drought stress. High constitutive levels, and/or O3-induced increases in antioxidants, might contribute to O3 tolerance in these Mediterranean evergreen broadleaf species.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.