The studies of Isaac Newton, in the 17th century, laid the foundations of classical physics. In the 19th century, however, some theories questioned Newtonian physics, whose weakness came from the application of concepts of Euclidean geometry to a space that may not be so. In 1817 Gauss, during his studies on the fifth postulate, formulated the hypothesis that for a point outside a line it was possible to draw more than one line parallel to it. Thus, he laid the premises of non-Euclidean geometry. In 1884 E.A. Abbott published the novel Flatland, in which he hypothesized a multi-dimensional space. The cultural debate thus opened up to visionary artistic expressions, derived from equally ‘subversive’ scientific concepts. Not to be neglected are also the studies of H. Poincaré that led to the topological space. These suggestions were anticipated by A.F. Möbius, in 1858, with the single-sided surfaces. The demolition of Newtonian dogmas also intertwined with perception studies. This led to the “impossible objects” of O. Reutersvär and Lionel and Roger Penrose. In the same years, also M.C. Escher shared the same passion for perceptual experiments. The paper aims to highlight the relationship between art and science which, between the 19th and 20th centuries, find a common ‘visionary’ inspiration. Often these paths are intertwined, sometimes one anticipates the other, but together they contribute to open pathways that mark the evolution of thought and art.
Gli studi di Isaac Newton, nel XVII secolo, pongono i fondamenti della fisica classica. Nel XIX secolo, però, alcune teorie mettono in dubbio la fisica newtoniana, il cui punto debole deriva dall’applicazione di concetti di geometria euclidea ad uno spazio che poteva non esserlo. Nel 1817 Gauss, durante i suoi studi sul V postulato, avanza l’ipotesi che per un punto esterno ad una retta sia possibile tracciarne più di una ad essa parallela. Così pone le premesse della geometria non-euclidea. Nel 1884 E.A. Abbott pubblica il romanzo Flatland, in cui ipotizza uno spazio a più dimensioni. Il dibattito culturale si apre così ad espressioni artistiche visionarie, derivate da concezioni scientifiche altrettanto ‘eversive’. Non vanno trascurati anche gli studi di H. Poincaré che condurranno allo spazio topologico. Tali suggestioni sono anticipate da A.F. Möbius, nel 1858, con le superfici a una sola faccia. L’abbattimento dei dogmi newtoniani si intreccia anche con gli studi sulla percezione. Si giunge, così, alle “figure impossibili” di O. Reutersvär e di Lionel e Roger Penrose. Negli stessi anni, la passione per le sperimentazioni percettive viene condivisa anche da M.C. Escher. Il paper mira ad evidenziare il rapporto tre arte e scienza che, tra XIX e XX secolo, trovano una comune ispirazione ‘visionaria’. Tali percorsi spesso si intrecciano, a volte l’uno anticipa l’altro, ma insieme contribuiranno ad aprire varchi che segneranno l’evoluzione del pensiero e dell’arte.
The Masters of Vision. From Visionary Science to Visual Suggestions / I Maestri della visione. Dalla scienza visionaria alle suggestioni visive / Mediati, Domenico. - In: DISEGNO. - ISSN 2533-2899. - 9:(2021), pp. 97-108. [10.26375/disegno.9.2021.11]
The Masters of Vision. From Visionary Science to Visual Suggestions / I Maestri della visione. Dalla scienza visionaria alle suggestioni visive
Domenico Mediati
2021-01-01
Abstract
The studies of Isaac Newton, in the 17th century, laid the foundations of classical physics. In the 19th century, however, some theories questioned Newtonian physics, whose weakness came from the application of concepts of Euclidean geometry to a space that may not be so. In 1817 Gauss, during his studies on the fifth postulate, formulated the hypothesis that for a point outside a line it was possible to draw more than one line parallel to it. Thus, he laid the premises of non-Euclidean geometry. In 1884 E.A. Abbott published the novel Flatland, in which he hypothesized a multi-dimensional space. The cultural debate thus opened up to visionary artistic expressions, derived from equally ‘subversive’ scientific concepts. Not to be neglected are also the studies of H. Poincaré that led to the topological space. These suggestions were anticipated by A.F. Möbius, in 1858, with the single-sided surfaces. The demolition of Newtonian dogmas also intertwined with perception studies. This led to the “impossible objects” of O. Reutersvär and Lionel and Roger Penrose. In the same years, also M.C. Escher shared the same passion for perceptual experiments. The paper aims to highlight the relationship between art and science which, between the 19th and 20th centuries, find a common ‘visionary’ inspiration. Often these paths are intertwined, sometimes one anticipates the other, but together they contribute to open pathways that mark the evolution of thought and art.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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